為什么日本的半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)失敗?
Why Japan's Semiconductor Industry Failed
譯文簡介
日本曾經(jīng)是世界上最大的半導(dǎo)體制造國之一。然而，在短短幾年內(nèi)，它將被鄰國超越。
正文翻譯
Japan was once one of the world's largest semiconductor manufacturing countries. However, in just a few years, it would be surpassed by its neighbors.
日本曾經(jīng)是世界上最大的半導(dǎo)體制造國之一。然而，在短短幾年內(nèi)，它將被鄰國超越。
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Why Japan's Semiconductor Industry Failed：US won’t allow Japan to dominate semiconductor industry.
為什么日本的半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)失敗：因為美國不允許日本主導(dǎo)半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)。
I see, Uncle Sam treats friends and foes alike. No discrimination.
原來如此，山姆大叔對待朋友和敵人一視同仁，毫無歧視。
Because of the usa sanctions, because they had a huge potential, that's what china doesn't want from depending on the us/taiwan chips by building their own chip.
因為美國的制裁，日本曾擁有巨大的潛力，這也是中國不愿意依賴美國/臺灣（地區(qū)）的芯片，選擇自己建造芯片的原因。
Japan lost the war to America and is still under their rule.
Of course there were good things, but they were never allowed to surpass America.
日本在戰(zhàn)爭中敗給了美國，至今仍然在美國的統(tǒng)治下。
當(dāng)然也有好的方面，但他們從未被允許超越美國
Next episode : how America killed German automobile industry
下一集：美國如何扼殺德國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。
Japan are under occupation but they don’t recognise it.
日本處于占領(lǐng)狀態(tài)，但他們并沒有承認這一點。
You fail to understand that photo reisin used for chip production is solely made in Japan. No one country can manufacture a full working chip on its own
你沒理解，制造芯片所用的光刻膠完全是日本生產(chǎn)的。沒有任何一個國家能獨立制造完整的芯片。
Japan was leading the microchip race in the 1970s before US sanctioned Japan with unfair trade agreements to limit their High Tech products and forcing Japan to build factories in US while charging hefty costs, Toshiba the leader in microchip manufacturing was targeted by US and it's General manager was arrested by to force Tech transfer. Same thing also happened to France in Energy sector. US is now trying to Do the same to China But failed as Chinese government step in and protected local companies which both Japan and the French government cowarded.
在20 世紀 70 年代，日本曾領(lǐng)先于全球的微芯片產(chǎn)業(yè)，然而美國通過不公平的貿(mào)易協(xié)議對日本實施制裁，限制其高科技產(chǎn)品的出口，并迫使日本在美國建廠，同時收取高額費用。作為微芯片制造領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的東芝（Toshiba）成為了美國的目標(biāo)，其總經(jīng)理也因此被逮捕，迫使其進行技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓。法國在能源領(lǐng)域也經(jīng)歷了類似的情況。現(xiàn)在，美國試圖對中國實施同樣的做法，但由于中國政府介入并保護了本土公司，美國的計劃未能成功。而日本和法國政府在當(dāng)時都選擇了妥協(xié)。
I remembered when I was a kid that Japan was like a god as an economic power. Now, Japan could not compete with South Korea.
記得小時候覺得日本是個神一樣的經(jīng)濟大國，現(xiàn)在日本根本比不上韓國。
when the master sees his slave starting to try to threaten his position, sanctions immediately come to remind him who the master is
當(dāng)主人看到他的奴隸開始威脅到自己的地位時，制裁立刻到來，以提醒他誰才是主人。
Asia's people very hardworking
亞洲人民非常勤勞。
I always use NEC desktop PC from Japan because it is cheap and High Quality and it last long even when i am using in a welding shop where electricity is connected to a welding machine running everyday. HP Desktop PC did not last long even though it is more faster and have a bigger power source connected to AVR and UPS. Only NEC has the especial Technology device for Current filter in the power Supply.
我一直使用日本的NEC臺式電腦，因為它便宜、質(zhì)量高，而且非常耐用，即使我在焊接車間使用，每天運行的焊機都接有電源，它也經(jīng)久耐用。相比之下，HP 臺式電腦雖然速度更快，并且有更大的電源連接到 AVR 和 UPS，但使用壽命并不長。只有 NEC 擁有電源中用于電流濾波器的特殊技術(shù)設(shè)備。
Remember Toshiba in the 80s? The pirate Murika took it from them free of charge...
記得80年代的東芝嗎？美國像海盜一樣把它從他們那里奪走了，還是免費奪走的...
Japan should rise up again. I think one of their problem is lack of young manpower and they're stuck with old people running everything. With todays standards, old ways doesn't always equals good. Most of the time we need to start from the ground up to make something new.
日本應(yīng)該重新崛起。我認為他們的問題之一是缺乏年輕的勞動力，很多事情仍由年長的人來掌控。以今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，老舊的方式不總是等于好。大多數(shù)時候，我們需要從頭開始，創(chuàng)造一些新的東西。
America never learned and did the same thing with china
美國從未吸取教訓(xùn)，又對中國做了同樣的事情。
CMOS technology transfer to US also one of the reason Japan's set back. US developed further CMOS technology and was helpful for its processor development. This was eventually captured all the chip market in the world. Japan did not put much efforts on designing CPU for computer and also its software.
CMOS技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)讓給美國也是日本衰退的原因之一。美國進一步發(fā)展了CMOS技術(shù)，這對其處理器的發(fā)展起到了幫助。最終這導(dǎo)致了全球芯片市場的占領(lǐng)。日本沒有在設(shè)計計算機CPU和軟件方面投入足夠的努力。
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To protect USA market decided to tariff speaking freedom market
為了保護美國市場，決定對言論自由市場加征關(guān)稅。
Because USA want Japan to fail.
因為美國希望日本失敗。
As a young hobbyist, I attempted to get into Renesas MCUs and attended a "training course". Their tools were subpar to Freescale, more expensive and trainers had a bit of an uptight attitude. Then Arduino and ARM came, kicking everyone's ass.
作為一個年輕的愛好者，我曾嘗試接觸瑞薩的MCU，并參加了一個“培訓(xùn)課程”。他們的工具比Freescale差，價格更貴，而且培訓(xùn)師的態(tài)度有點拘謹。后來，Arduino和ARM出現(xiàn)了，讓所有人都大吃一驚。
It really depends on what kind of chips we are talking about. There some of them where japan still holds the keys. It is not always about US. In some of the areas Japanese companies didn’t put an effort into R&D in that field.
這實際上取決于我們討論的是什么類型的芯片。在某些領(lǐng)域，日本仍然掌握著關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。并非所有事情都與美國有關(guān)。在一些領(lǐng)域，日本公司沒有在研發(fā)上投入足夠的努力。
Because America don’t want to be embarrassed on every aspect of development
因為美國不想在各個發(fā)展方面都被羞辱。
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US was not specifically pinpointed Japan, it has pinpointed any country that comes close to challenge his supremecy. This is human nature, and thats why human never stop fighting each others.
美國并非專門針對日本，它針對的是任何有可能挑戰(zhàn)其霸主地位的國家。這是人性所在，也正因為如此，人類從未停止過相互斗爭。
Japan and South Korea produce low-tech, mass-produced storage semiconductors, while Taiwan produces customized logic semiconductors, which are entirely different semiconductors from memory.
After Japan withdrew from memory production, South Korea took over. This has nothing to do with Taiwan.
Japan is a big country in storage semiconductors and does not produce logic semiconductors.
After Intel lost memory chips to Japan, it switched to producing CPU logic semiconductors, making Intel the dominant player.
日本和韓國生產(chǎn)低技術(shù)、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的存儲半導(dǎo)體，而臺灣（地區(qū)）則生產(chǎn)定制化的邏輯半導(dǎo)體，這些與存儲器是完全不同的半導(dǎo)體。
在日本退出存儲器生產(chǎn)后，韓國接手了。這與臺灣（地區(qū)）無關(guān)。
日本在存儲半導(dǎo)體方面是大國，但不生產(chǎn)邏輯半導(dǎo)體。
在英特爾失去存儲芯片的市場份額后，轉(zhuǎn)而生產(chǎn)CPU邏輯半導(dǎo)體，這使得英特爾成為了主導(dǎo)者。
Rapidus would've been nice to note by the end. I'm continuing to watch their progress
如果最后提到Rapidus就更好了，我會繼續(xù)關(guān)注他們的進展。
Friedship with USA will give you a lot of money but you will never get their technology. The Russians atleast give critical technologies to their allies like nucler reactor, rocket technology, jet engine and ship building tech. Better getting that from uncle sam
和美國建立友誼可以賺很多錢，但你永遠得不到他們的技術(shù)。俄羅斯至少向他們的盟友提供了關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，比如核反應(yīng)堆、火箭技術(shù)、噴氣發(fā)動機和造船技術(shù)。最好還是從“山姆大叔”那里得到這些。
the answer is pretty simple. The US foiled japan's success. the US put too many limitation over japan.
答案其實很簡單。美國破壞了日本的成功。美國對日本施加了太多限制。
Is that what the tokyo plaza accord does? Along with the lost decades too.
這就是東京廣場協(xié)議的作用嗎？還有“失去的十年”也是如此嗎？
Most semiconductors manufactured in Asia rely on Japanese semiconductor equipment, technology, and materials. In fact, companies like TSMC and Samsung wouldn’t exist without Japan’s contributions.
大多數(shù)在亞洲制造的半導(dǎo)體依賴日本的半導(dǎo)體設(shè)備、技術(shù)和材料。事實上，沒有日本的貢獻，像臺積電和三星這樣的公司根本無法存在。
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Look, if other countries want to succeed in semiconductors, they need to fund R&D. Most of the chip companies overseas are beholden to the US gov because all the tech were pioneered and patented in the USA. Risk in R&D is encouraged in America.
看，如果其他國家想在半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域取得成功，他們需要資助研發(fā)。大多數(shù)海外芯片公司都依賴美國政府，因為所有技術(shù)都是在美國率先開發(fā)和專利的。美國鼓勵研發(fā)風(fēng)險。
The free market never existed, just a ruse by the Anglo empire to seem more equitable
自由市場從未存在過，只是盎格魯?shù)蹏鵀榱俗屪约嚎雌饋砀蕉５囊粋€花招
This question is too simple! Because of the suppression by the United States! But Japan has made achievements in the field of semiconductor equipment!
這個問題太簡單了！因為受到美國的打壓！但日本在半導(dǎo)體設(shè)備領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)取得了成就！
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Japan still makes a lot of the equipment used to make microchips as well as having related techs like lens
日本仍然生產(chǎn)很多用于制造微芯片的設(shè)備，并且擁有相關(guān)技術(shù)，比如鏡頭。
Hundreds years ago, China already trade with South East Asia.
But only trade, even China is powerful.
When European came, they colonies right away.
幾百年前，中國就已經(jīng)與東南亞進行貿(mào)易了。
但只是貿(mào)易，即使中國也很強大。
當(dāng)歐洲人到來后，他們立即建立了殖民地。
The G7 meet regularly to devide world's manufacturing sectors.
In one of this meetings Japan made a deal which included the phasing out of its chip industry.
七國集團定期召開會議，劃分世界的制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
在其中一次會議上，日本達成了一項協(xié)議，其中包括逐步淘汰其芯片產(chǎn)業(yè)。
Short Answer: USA
Long Answer: United States of America
簡短回答：美國
長回答：美利堅合眾國
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Sony was NOT the first to produce a transistor radio. Not even the 30th. Regency offered the first in 1954, followed by EVERY major maker in 1955 and off-brands in 1956.
索尼并不是第一個生產(chǎn)晶體管收音機的公司，甚至連第30個都不是。Regency在1954年推出了第一款晶體管收音機，隨后所有主要廠商在1955年紛紛推出，而一些小品牌則在1956年推出。
0:48 this is EXACTLY how korean semiconductor industry started.
also EXACTLY how China started.
0:48 這正是韓國半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)起步的方式。
也是中國起步的方式。
Sad japan isn't part of BRICS....very very sad situation being occupied by USA...
可悲的是，日本沒有加入金磚國家……被美國占領(lǐng)，這真是令人悲哀......
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All Japan produced chips, then were US licensed ICs.
日本生產(chǎn)的所有芯片，后來都是美國授權(quán)的集成電路（IC）。
Problem is, when in 1980 they reached the top - in terms of memories and commercial ICs, they begun competing with the US. This is what doomed them later on, when they couldn't advance the technology all by themselves. The Japanese should have kept a cooperative and collaborative approach with the US since the beginning.
問題是，1980年他們在內(nèi)存和商業(yè)IC領(lǐng)域達到巔峰時，他們開始與美國競爭。正是這一點導(dǎo)致了他們后來的失敗，因為他們無法獨立推動技術(shù)進步。日本應(yīng)該從一開始就保持與美國的合作與協(xié)作態(tài)度。
If America is due this to the allies imagine what they do to the enemies
如果美國對盟友這樣做，想想他們對敵人會做什么。
The answer is a very simple three letter word: USA
答案是一個非常簡單的三個字母：USA
Blame Moore's law. When the 8088 and 8086 were the main microprossors a lot of memory chips were needed. As the number of transistors increased you needed less and less memory chips and the microprocessor itself became the main product. The 8086 based microprocessors are still in use even if internally they are nothing like the original 8086, they can still run old applications. Japan was never going to develop its own microprocessor that would take over the whole industry like the 8086 did.
這都要怪摩爾定律。當(dāng)8088和8086是主要微處理器時，很多內(nèi)存芯片是必需的。隨著晶體管數(shù)量的增加，需要的內(nèi)存芯片越來越少，微處理器本身成了主要產(chǎn)品。基于8086的微處理器至今仍在使用，即使內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)與最初的8086完全不同，它們?nèi)匀豢梢赃\行舊應(yīng)用程序。日本永遠不會像 8086 那樣開發(fā)自己的微處理器來接管整個行業(yè)。
Don’t forget that without Japanese chip suppliers semiconductor industry would crumble. Will also be interesting to see where the Rapidus project is going….
別忘了，如果沒有日本的芯片供應(yīng)商，半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)會崩潰。還很有意思的是，看看Rapidus項目會走向何方……
the most problem of japanese game consoles were reluctance of releasing middleware engines
some game consoles in mid 90's are notoriously hard to make games on it
日本游戲機最大的問題是它們不愿意發(fā)布中間件引擎。
90 年代中期的一些游戲機以難以制作游戲而聞名
China will not be the second Japan that bent the knee to the USA. It will face hardships now and will become the leading economy in the world in terms of technology. *** had a choice when Trump started the trade war. Either bent the knee and always be number 2 or face hardships now and bear the fruits later.
中國不會成為第二個像日本那樣屈服于美國的國家。現(xiàn)在它會面臨困難，但將來會成為世界上在技術(shù)方面領(lǐng)先的經(jīng)濟體。特朗普發(fā)動貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)時，中國有個選擇：要么屈服，永遠做老二，要么現(xiàn)在面臨困難，以后承擔(dān)后果。
One of the reasons Japan came to dominate DRAM production was because the US companies that did it in the 1970s wanted to focus on higher margin parts like CPUs. Intel was once a major DRAM producer but gave it up due to the low margins. It suited the purposes of companies like Intel to let existing and rising Asian producers have the market for those products. They didn't particularly care if a foreign power monopolized vital portions of a modern computer so long as the lion's share of the profits were going to Intel. The US government didn't see it that way.
日本之所以在DRAM（動態(tài)隨機存取存儲器）生產(chǎn)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，部分原因是1970年代的美國公司希望將精力集中在利潤更高的部件上，比如中央處理器（CPU）。英特爾曾是主要的DRAM生產(chǎn)商，但由于利潤較低，它最終放棄了這一業(yè)務(wù)。對于像英特爾這樣的公司來說，讓現(xiàn)有的亞洲廠商以及新興廠商占據(jù)這類產(chǎn)品市場是符合他們利益的。只要大部分利潤流向英特爾，他們并不特別在意一個外國勢力壟斷了現(xiàn)代計算機的關(guān)鍵部分。然而，美國政府并不這么看待這一問題。
The whole Japan Inc. is struggling three decades in the row. Inability to evolve, to modernize and innovate took them where they are – stagnation without an end.
整個日本企業(yè)體已經(jīng)連續(xù)三十年在掙扎。無法進化、現(xiàn)代化和創(chuàng)新，導(dǎo)致他們陷入了無休止的停滯狀態(tài)。
The licensed the technology to manufacture it, but they didn't have the homegrown knowledge to make a new generations of chips.
他們確實獲得了制造技術(shù)的許可，但缺乏本土的知識來制造新一代的芯片。
Isn't Japan dominating in the analog chip market? For example, many power amplifier manufacturers use output transistors from Toshiba, Sanken, etc.
日本不是在模擬芯片市場占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位嗎？例如，許多功率放大器制造商使用的是來自東芝、三肯等公司的輸出晶體管。
It's called no one company can monopolize one industry
這叫做沒有任何一家公司能壟斷一個行業(yè)。
Just like the current China, Japan has been suppressed by the US especially Toshiba lead semiconductor technology
就像現(xiàn)在的中國一樣，日本曾經(jīng)也被美國壓制，尤其是在東芝主導(dǎo)的半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)方面。
Japan focused on manufacturing ignoring the software/CAD tools role in semiconductor design productivity.
日本專注于制造，忽視了軟件/CAD工具在半導(dǎo)體設(shè)計生產(chǎn)力中的作用。
Thats what you get by becomeing american lapdog.
Samurai culture, NOT shogun culture.
這就是成為美國走狗的結(jié)果。武士文化，而不是幕府文化。
Let me guess, they didn't talk about plaza Accord and forced patent transfers from Japan to the US.
讓我猜猜，他們沒有提到廣場協(xié)議和強迫日本向美國轉(zhuǎn)讓專利的事情吧。
Japan has failed conclusively and lost everything in 1945. This is the only thing you need to know.
日本在1945年徹底失敗，失去了所有。這是你需要知道的唯一事實。
It’s odd that the video game sector didnt create more opportunities, when you think Nintendo, Sega and Sony all came from Japan.
奇怪的是，當(dāng)你想到任天堂、世嘉和索尼都來自日本時，視頻游戲行業(yè)并沒有創(chuàng)造更多的機會。
Japan's failure in chip technology and other techniques is due to the conservatism of the Japanese.
日本在芯片技術(shù)和其他技術(shù)上的失敗，歸因于日本的保守主義。
TR-55 radio is collectable now. Anyone has a good working one now is worth thousands of dollars.
TR-55 收音機現(xiàn)在很值得收藏?，F(xiàn)在任何人擁有一臺能正常使用的收音機都價值數(shù)千美元。
This has been a habit of U.S if a country surpass them (it could be technology,economy, innovation etc) And if that country wont have a good deal (sometimes the deal could best favor in their part) with them the'll accuse and somehow impose restriction,penalty, tariffs and alike.
這是美國的一個習(xí)慣，如果一個國家超越了他們（無論是技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟、創(chuàng)新等方面），而且這個國家沒有與他們達成一個好的協(xié)議（有時協(xié)議對他們有利），他們就會指責(zé)并以某種方式實施限制、處罰、關(guān)稅等。
Never, ever bet against Japanese technology and call them a failure.
Never!
永遠不要看衰日本的技術(shù)并稱其為失敗。永遠不要！
Japanese products were for life time, now any product we buy last 5 years
日本的產(chǎn)品曾經(jīng)是終身使用的，現(xiàn)在我們買的任何產(chǎn)品都只能用五年。
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I saw toshiba, Sony laptops. Where are they now ?
我曾經(jīng)看到過東芝、索尼的筆記本電腦。它們現(xiàn)在在哪里？
It’s such a shame, because Japanese quality was second to none, and I have always preferred Japanese products.
I remember buying 3.5” floppies from Japan and from Taiwan. The Japanese were quieter did not give errors far superior to the Taiwanese.
這真是太可惜了，因為日本的質(zhì)量是首屈一指的，而且我一直更喜歡日本產(chǎn)品。
我記得我曾從日本和臺灣（地區(qū)）購買過 3.5 英寸軟盤。日本的軟盤更安靜，幾乎沒有錯誤，遠遠優(yōu)于臺灣（地區(qū)）的。
Japan stuck in the 80s, their 80s was 100years more advanced than our 80s.
Taiwan took the crown for Semi conductors manufacturing
日本仍然停留在80年代，他們的80年代比我們的80年代先進100年。
臺灣（地區(qū)）已經(jīng)奪回了半導(dǎo)體制造的王冠。
However there is a military cooperation.
不過，還是有軍事合作。
United States: promotes the free and competitive market and economy. (Tiny footnote: unless we loose in that competition)
美國：提倡自由和競爭的市場經(jīng)濟。（小注：除非我們在競爭中失敗）
Just by looking at the comments section, you can see why Japan is ruined. There is no improvement to be as proud of as a man. Korea overtook Japan in a much worse situation
光是看評論區(qū)，你就能明白為什么日本已經(jīng)衰落。沒有什么可以自豪的進步，韓國在更糟糕的情況下超越了日本。
suppression and not only in japan, see olivetii in italy.
壓制不僅僅發(fā)生在日本，看看意大利的Olivetti吧。
Much to the dismay of Intel, which found out too late vertical integration model do not work. Curiously, the Chinese, with their supply chain strategy, seem to be winning...
這英特爾沮喪的是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)垂直整合模式行不通，但為時已晚。奇怪的是，中國憑借他們的供應(yīng)鏈戰(zhàn)略似乎正在獲勝...
Because semiconductors got way too complex and no longer can one country can produce a modern semiconducting microchip, it's basically globalism incarnate with all the exotic materials and licensed tech needed from around the world. To incredibly simplify it, Taiwan does lithography, the US does R&D and the actual chip specs and designs, europe designs and makes the machinery that actually does the lithography, plus you need materials from every corner of the globe and then you need to highly refine those materials. Japan did eek out a role in the globalist chip industry and refines some of those materials, in fact they're the only place refineries for some of these materials exist.
由于半導(dǎo)體變得異常復(fù)雜，如今已經(jīng)沒有一個國家能夠單獨生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)代半導(dǎo)體微芯片，它基本上體現(xiàn)了全球化的本質(zhì)，因為制造現(xiàn)代芯片需要來自世界各地的各種稀有材料和授權(quán)技術(shù)。簡單來說，臺灣（地區(qū)）負責(zé)光刻技術(shù)，美國做研發(fā)和實際的芯片規(guī)格與設(shè)計，歐洲設(shè)計并制造實際執(zhí)行光刻的設(shè)備，而且你還需要來自全球各地的材料，并且還需要對這些材料進行高度精煉。日本在全球半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)中也占有一席之地，精煉其中一些材料，事實上，它們是唯一擁有某些材料精煉廠的地方。
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Kinda ironic because if not for those sanctions Toshiba would actually make SSDs by now at least their HDD is still doing good surprizingly even tho Intel DOES make SATA 3 SSD which is very slow for todays standards their storage size is not that good
有點諷刺，如果沒有那些制裁，東芝現(xiàn)在至少能做固態(tài)硬盤（SSD），不過他們的硬盤驅(qū)動器（HDD）還是做得不錯，令人驚訝的是，盡管英特爾確實做SATA 3 SSD，但它對于今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來說非常慢，存儲容量也不大。
Japan have to setup manufacturing units at India, for better trade.
為了更好地開展貿(mào)易，日本必須在印度設(shè)立制造單位。
Because Japanese investors would rather invest into Taiwan and China the last 2 decades.
Now the tide is very different.
因為日本投資者在過去二十年更愿意投資臺灣（地區(qū)）和中國?，F(xiàn)在局勢已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。
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Japan is a country very slow for changing and development! Things and minds delay a long time to change and improove!
日本是一個發(fā)展和變化非常緩慢的國家！事情和思想需要很長時間才能改變和進步！
Main reason was not USA. Main reason was Japanese culture. They are not flexible. They always stick to the old way. If They had innovated continuously, They could overcome USA's hindrance.
主要原因不是美國。主要原因是日本文化。他們不夠靈活，總是堅持舊有的方式。如果他們能夠持續(xù)創(chuàng)新，他們完全可以克服美國的阻礙。
I hate sony, never give you everything at once. Always need to buy everything seperately and with expensive prices.
我討厭索尼，他們總是不把所有東西一次性給你?？偸切枰獑为氋徺I，而且價格還貴。
The US was in a trade war with Japan in the 1980s and wanted to protect its own industries. It wasn't just in chip manufacturing either as the headlines were mostly centered on the "unfair" Japanese auto exports that hurt American automakers. So Japan was forced to sign the Plaza Accords and overinflate the yen relative to the dollar, which made its exports expensive and uncompetitive.
20 世紀 80 年代，美國與日本爆發(fā)了貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，希望保護自己的產(chǎn)業(yè)。這不僅僅是在芯片制造領(lǐng)域，新聞頭條大多集中在日本“不公平”的汽車出口損害美國汽車制造商的利益上。所以，日本被迫簽署《廣場協(xié)議》，使日元相對于美元過度升值，導(dǎo)致其出口變得昂貴且失去競爭力。
Summary : usa, because afraid that japan has surpassed them
They now doing same to China
總結(jié)：美國，因為害怕日本超過他們，他們現(xiàn)在對中國也做同樣的事情