馬來西亞為何未能成為亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)新虎？
Why Malaysia Failed to Become an Asian Economic Tiger
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
馬來西亞已經(jīng)在中等收入國(guó)家的身份中停滯了幾十年。它最終能打破這個(gè)魔咒嗎？
正文翻譯
Malaysia has been stuck as a middle-income nation for decades. Will it finally break this curse?
馬來西亞已經(jīng)在中等收入國(guó)家的身份中停滯了幾十年。它最終能打破這個(gè)魔咒嗎？
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Personally I think Malaysia can develop better if less corruption, less extremist politician and maintain the multi culture society which make Malaysia so unique in the world.
個(gè)人認(rèn)為，如果減少腐敗，減少極端主義政治家，并維持多元文化社會(huì)，馬來西亞可以發(fā)展得更好，這也是馬來西亞在世界上獨(dú)特的原因。
Corruption & increasing Extremism are the biggest challenges in front of Malaysia.
腐敗和日益嚴(yán)重的極端主義是馬來西亞面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。
This is because of the bumiputera system in Malaysia, as the government diversify most of the resources and money into subsiding and supporting the bumiputera malays. Most of the public enterprise, banks, energy sector, electronic sectors, automobiles, logistics were given quota to the malay rather than merits.
這是因?yàn)轳R來西亞的土著制度（bumiputera制度），政府將大部分資源和資金用于補(bǔ)貼和支持土著馬來人。許多公共企業(yè)、銀行、能源部門、電子行業(yè)、汽車業(yè)、物流業(yè)等領(lǐng)域都優(yōu)先分配給馬來人，而不是依據(jù)能力。
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Because the leaders have become more and more religious. They do this to gain support and remain in power. Even parents are complaining islamic indoctrination of children in schools took more time than studying what matters most like science and mathematics.
因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人越來越宗教化。他們這么做是為了獲得支持并保持權(quán)力。甚至家長(zhǎng)們都抱怨，學(xué)校里的伊斯蘭教義灌輸花費(fèi)的時(shí)間比學(xué)習(xí)更重要的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)還多。
Because of corruption and mismanagement malaysia can't move further to become tiger.
由于腐敗和管理不善，馬來西亞無法進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成為亞洲新虎。
Because of idiocracy. Dumb people running the country, while the smart ones get out.
因?yàn)橛廾?。愚蠢的人在管理?guó)家，而聰明的人選擇離開。
Four economic tigers from the 70s, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia. Three successful countries are govern by those with Chinese-like features and majority Confucianism beliefs. The one left far behind is govern by malay muslim stock. Obvious right?
70年代的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)虎：韓國(guó)、臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）、新加坡和馬來西亞。成功的三個(gè)國(guó)家由具有中國(guó)人特征和大多數(shù)儒家信仰的人治理，而落后的一個(gè)則由馬來穆斯林領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。顯而易見吧？
With the announcement of the budget 2025, I believe the citizens will face serious inflation and CPI rise and this could have more negative impacts to our economy....
隨著2025年預(yù)算的宣布，我相信市民將面臨嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹和CPI上升，這可能對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來更多負(fù)面影響......
As a singaporean, I respect and love our Malaysian brethren, despite their lackluster government. I believe they have the potential and are on track to become a powerhouse in today’s economics where the west falters. SEA should unite and work together to fight against these turbulent times.
作為一名新加坡人，我尊重并熱愛我們的馬來西亞兄弟，盡管他們的政府不盡如人意。我相信他們有潛力，并且正朝著成為今天經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)的道路邁進(jìn)，而西方國(guó)家正面臨困境。東南亞應(yīng)當(dāng)團(tuán)結(jié)起來，共同應(yīng)對(duì)這些動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代。
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Islam is the commonality among Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern Philippines, which are relatively underperforming economies. This is why China had reeducated all of their Islam believers
伊斯蘭教是馬來西亞、印度尼西亞和菲律賓南部的共同點(diǎn)，這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)相對(duì)較差。這也是為什么中國(guó)對(duì)所有信仰伊斯蘭教的人進(jìn)行了再教育。
Using Malay as a first language in schools, how could they keep up with the world and technology?
在學(xué)校使用馬來語作為第一語言，他們?nèi)绾胃鲜澜绾图夹g(shù)的步伐？
LKY : They are prepared to shrink the talent pool just to keep one race dominant.
How to be competitive if they do not practise meritocracy.
李光耀：他們準(zhǔn)備通過縮小人才池來保持某個(gè)種族的主導(dǎo)地位。如果不實(shí)行擇優(yōu)錄取，如何具備競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力？
IRAN, AFGHANISTAN, SAUDI ARABIA, MALAYSIA what was common between them?
伊朗、阿富汗、沙特阿拉伯、馬來西亞，它們之間有什么共同點(diǎn)？
Hi-Tech needs more machines than labor. These plans are actually good choices for Malaysia. But if there's no local player, Malaysia will never be becoming a global player...
高科技需要更多的機(jī)器而不是勞動(dòng)力。對(duì)于馬來西亞來說，這些計(jì)劃其實(shí)是不錯(cuò)的選擇。但如果沒有本地的參與者，馬來西亞永遠(yuǎn)不可能成為全球玩家…
Austronesians in general love freedom and being laid back hence they are completely unsuitable for modernity. Thus, it also applies to all Malays across Southeast Asia. They never had the busy-bee proclivity and practices of their Chinese counterparts. It's easy to blame corruption but do remember that the government of China is notoriously known for the corruption of its commie party members despite routine capital punishments yet they seemed to carry on economically with stellar results, even South Korea and Japan are surprisingly known for corruption on politics yet they're still able to shine. The difference, really, is that Confucian peoples like Chinese, Koreans, Japanese and Vietnamese love more work while Austronesians love being laid back thanks to the tropics.
一般來說，南島語系民族喜歡自由和悠閑，因此他們完全不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)也適用于東南亞所有的馬來人。他們從未像中國(guó)人那樣有忙碌的習(xí)慣和工作方式。雖然很容易把問題歸咎于腐敗，但也要記得中國(guó).................也一樣，盡管有定期的死刑執(zhí)行，他們依然能夠保持經(jīng)濟(jì)上的出色表現(xiàn)。甚至韓國(guó)和日本政治上也有腐敗的現(xiàn)象，但他們依然能夠取得成功。真正的區(qū)別在于，像中國(guó)人、韓國(guó)人、日本人和越南人這樣的儒家民族更加熱衷于工作，而南島語系民族則因?yàn)闊釒夂蚋矚g悠閑的生活方式。
Malaysia is a Muslim majority country and like other 56, (57 including Malaysia) there is almost zero contribution to science, technology and medicine and therefore no innovation and progress is upto certain level. All these 57 OIC countries known as organization of islamic countries have just one product to offer and that too came from natural resources and that is Oil Problem is elsewhere. I need not to elaborate, anybody can realise it.
馬來西亞是一個(gè)穆斯林占多數(shù)的國(guó)家，像其他56個(gè)（包括馬來西亞的57個(gè)）伊斯蘭合作組織（OIC）成員國(guó)一樣，幾乎沒有對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)和醫(yī)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)，因此創(chuàng)新和進(jìn)步也只能達(dá)到一定程度。所有這些57個(gè)OIC國(guó)家唯一的產(chǎn)品就是石油，而且這個(gè)產(chǎn)品來自于自然資源。問題的根源在別的地方，不需要多說，大家都能意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。
In other countries, if theres a problem you get the chance to question them.
In Malaysia, if theres a problem you questioned them then they will accused you of kiasu, anti Melayu, anti islam.
You hardly can talk about politics and policies peacefully with the other side. Case closed.
在其他國(guó)家，如果有問題，你可以質(zhì)疑他們。在馬來西亞，如果你質(zhì)疑他們，他們就會(huì)指責(zé)你是“怕輸”、“反馬來人”或“反伊斯蘭”。你幾乎無法與對(duì)方和平地討論政治和政策，問題就這樣結(jié)束了。
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I believe recently there’s a lot of IT companies from US investing in Malaysia to become a data center sort of place. However, it’s not so easy to believe they will easily become a developed county as they still need to upgrade their people’s education and skills to handle the work associated with data centers and data services(the meat) to get ahead.
我相信最近很多美國(guó)的IT公司正在投資馬來西亞，把它作為數(shù)據(jù)中心之類的地方。然而，要相信它們能輕易成為一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是不太容易的，因?yàn)轳R來西亞仍然需要提升人們的教育和技能，才能處理與數(shù)據(jù)中心和數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)相關(guān)的工作（這些才是關(guān)鍵），才能有所進(jìn)步。
Malaysia may achieve high income nation status but not a fully developed nation.
As long as there is racial politics involved, there will be a laid back attitude from some segment of the population. Some prefer to protect their "right" and become more conservative rather than be more progressive.
It will take another few more decades for the majority of the population to be more mature.
馬來西亞可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)高收入國(guó)家的地位，但還不是一個(gè)完全發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家。只要種族政治還在，某些群體就會(huì)有一種懶散的態(tài)度。他們寧愿保護(hù)自己的“權(quán)利”，變得更加保守，而不是更加進(jìn)步。大多數(shù)人口要變得更加成熟，可能還需要幾十年的時(shí)間。
Malaysia is also a country where corruption is endemic where leaders are forever focusing on lining their pockets and not on the long term economic well being of the country....mass amounts of money is being drained from the country's coffers into the pockets of very corrupt politicians. This culture of corruption trickle down to all government departments including the police....so massive amounts of money is also leaked to civil servants. Everyone in the country is not thinking of the country but their own pockets. Plus the fact that English is not the main language of communication and therefore the absorption of western science and technology is poor making the transition to a high income country based on innovation difficult.
馬來西亞也是一個(gè)腐敗泛濫的國(guó)家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人永遠(yuǎn)專注于填補(bǔ)自己的口袋，而不是關(guān)注國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉……大量資金被從國(guó)家國(guó)庫中轉(zhuǎn)移到非常腐敗的政治家口袋里。這種腐敗文化滲透到所有政府部門，包括警察……因此，巨額資金也流向公務(wù)員。國(guó)家中的每個(gè)人都不是在為國(guó)家著想，而是在想著自己的利益。再加上英語不是主要的溝通語言，因此西方的科技和技術(shù)吸收困難，這使得基于創(chuàng)新的高收入國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)型變得更加困難。
Too much politics based on racial and religious issues than to tackle the everyday live issues. Many politicians are short sighted and only care for their self interests. Malaysia can never achieve high quality society if continue on this path. Maybe, Sarawak can, based it's foresight in educations, science, social and religious acceptance among Sarawakians and not based on racial and religious sentiments.
政治過多地圍繞種族和宗教問題，而不是處理日常生活中的問題。許多政治家目光短淺，只關(guān)心自己的私利。如果繼續(xù)走這條路，馬來西亞永遠(yuǎn)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量的社會(huì)。也許砂拉越能夠做到，基于其在教育、科技、社會(huì)和宗教包容性方面的遠(yuǎn)見，而不是基于種族和宗教情感。
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LOL. Many malayisans tot they were an Asian Tiger in the 1990s. I dun recall there was a 5th tiger.
哈哈，很多馬來西亞人以為自己在1990年代是亞洲四小龍之一。我記得并沒有第五個(gè)小龍。
Everyday they talked 3Rs and nothing concrete. They stole all the wealth and showed off. So they are good for nothing
每天都在談?wù)撊蟆癛”，但沒有任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的行動(dòng)。他們偷走了所有財(cái)富，卻只是炫耀。所以他們什么都不是。
I would say it is still way more powerful than Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia but weaker than Singapore.
我會(huì)說，馬來西亞仍然比泰國(guó)、菲律賓和印尼強(qiáng)大得多，但比新加坡要弱。
Malaysia is more focus on speaking bahasa and religious studies... Economic developments is secondary.
馬來西亞更注重講馬來語和宗教學(xué)習(xí)……經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是次要的。
The main reason Malaysia failed in competing with Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc is because of the racist policies and laws implemented and written into laws of Malaysia. Father of racist policy like Mahatir, is still very much alive and kicking..
No respect for meritocracy. In fact racism in Malaysia is worst than South Africa.
馬來西亞未能與臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）、新加坡、韓國(guó)等國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的主要原因是因?yàn)閷?shí)施并寫入法律中的種族主義政策和法律。種族主義政策的“父親”馬哈蒂爾至今仍然健在，依然活躍。沒有尊重能力主義，事實(shí)上，馬來西亞的種族主義比南非還要嚴(yán)重。
With respect, Malaysia needs Meritocracy as opposed to race based jobs and university placement .
Many of its brightest and best have historically left the country for better educational and professional opportunities.
恕我直言，馬來西亞需要能力主義，而不是基于種族的工作和大學(xué)錄取。許多國(guó)家最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的人才過去一直選擇離開馬來西亞，尋求更好的教育和職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
As an Indonesian living in Malaysia, I would say Malaysia will be a developed country in the upcoming years. Malaysia will be able to maximize their potential when they are able to get rid all of the segregation, racism, and incompetent politicians out of the equation. Both Indonesia and Malaysia could also benefit from a clear separation between politics and religion, as this would likely contribute to more inclusive and forward-looking societies.
作為一名生活在馬來西亞的印度尼西亞人，我認(rèn)為馬來西亞在未來幾年會(huì)成為一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。當(dāng)馬來西亞能夠擺脫所有的種族隔離、種族主義和無能的政治家時(shí)，馬來西亞將能夠最大化其潛力。印尼和馬來西亞也可以從政治與宗教之間的明確分離中受益，這可能有助于創(chuàng)造更加包容和面向未來的社會(huì)。
As a Malaysian, I am optimistic that my country is on the right track to become high income nation under the leadership of Anwar.
作為一名馬來西亞人，我樂觀地認(rèn)為，在安華的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我國(guó)正走在成為高收入國(guó)家的正確軌道上。
It's ridiculous to always including Singapore as comparation. Singapore is practically a city-nation. The fair comparation of Singapore is Hong kong, or Monaco or every other city-nation.
總是把新加坡作為比較對(duì)象真是荒謬。新加坡實(shí)際上是一個(gè)城市國(guó)家。與新加坡的公平比較應(yīng)該是香港（特區(qū)）、摩納哥或其他城市國(guó)家。
Malaysia becoming a powerhouse...???? You must be joking. The basic foundation for any country's development is EDUCATION. With its half backed education system which is a bahasa Melayu education system where even over 90% of its educated Malay population unable to find work in the corporate world coupled with massive, massive corruption that bleeds the country's coffers and reputation as the most corrupted country in Asia and the instability of the governing political environment with the introduction of Hudud and sharia laws that are shying away major investment one can only forsee where Malaysia is heading. To put it bluntly a FAILED STATE which it is already half way there..
馬來西亞成為強(qiáng)國(guó)……？？你一定是在開玩笑。任何國(guó)家發(fā)展的基本基礎(chǔ)是教育。馬來西亞的教育體系半途而廢，馬來語教育體系下，即使90%以上的受過教育的馬來人也難以在企業(yè)界找到工作，加上大規(guī)模、嚴(yán)重的腐敗，國(guó)家的財(cái)政和聲譽(yù)都被侵蝕，成為亞洲最腐敗的國(guó)家之一，再加上政權(quán)的不穩(wěn)定，推廣哈杜德法和伊斯蘭教法，這些都會(huì)讓主要投資者退縮，真可想而知馬來西亞的未來走向。坦白說，已經(jīng)走在失敗國(guó)家的路上，差不多已經(jīng)到達(dá)一半了。
Corruption, Corruption and Corruption. It is hard wired into the Malay DNA that many dont think its wrong at all. Ao it's hard to change malaysia just accept it
腐敗、腐敗、腐敗。許多人根本不認(rèn)為腐敗是錯(cuò)誤的，這似乎已經(jīng)深深植入了馬來族的基因中。所以改變馬來西亞很難，只能接受它。
Malaysia's digital drive with Cyberjaya was ahead of its time but lack of strategic policies, experienced resources(including bringing in overseas talent) and lack of innovation mindset became stumbling blocks...
馬來西亞的數(shù)字化推動(dòng)，特別是賽城，曾領(lǐng)先時(shí)代，但由于缺乏戰(zhàn)略政策、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的資源（包括引進(jìn)海外人才）以及創(chuàng)新思維的不足，成為了障礙。
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His narrative was based on very old old old informations (1970s).
他的敘述基于非常久遠(yuǎn)的信息（1970年代）。
In recent years, Taiwanese businessmen have actively deployed in Singapore and Malaysia. I think Malaysia is a country with potential.
Malaysians should not belittle themselves
近年來，臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）的商人積極布局新加坡和馬來西亞。我認(rèn)為馬來西亞是一個(gè)有潛力的國(guó)家。馬來西亞人不應(yīng)低估自己。
Malaysia focus more on equity for her people. Its ok... its better than ending up like Yugoslavia.
馬來西亞更注重民族平等。沒關(guān)系…這總比像南斯拉夫那樣解體要好。
As an Indonesian which is poorer than Malaysia, 1 thing my country do better than them is lack of racial division. Malaysia wasted their significant Chinese population that is well disciplined, educated and wealthy under their racist policies in the name of religion and Malay superiority.
作為一個(gè)比馬來西亞更貧窮的印尼人，我認(rèn)為我的國(guó)家做得比他們更好的一點(diǎn)是缺乏種族分裂。馬來西亞浪費(fèi)了大量具有紀(jì)律性、受過良好教育且富裕的華人群體，因?yàn)樗麄兊姆N族政策，在宗教和馬來人優(yōu)越性的名義下。
What is being proposed at the end of the video is a regurgitation of previous policy : indeed it was the closed markets of China ( before WTO accession ) that forced semiconductor and computer accessory assembly of foreign multinational products here and gave a semblance of progress to the country using foreign technology. The situation is repeating itself , this time thru supposed hostility of the West to China that is bringing back the multinationals under the same paradigms as decades back when China was excluded. High value production based on innovation is culture dependent: Malaysia, ( a product of European imperialism) lacks certain cultural factors in segments of the population that allows for value attribution, non prejudice, zero corruption , rule of law, equality before the law, cooperation, discipline , patience and rationality that is required for higher level activities where most attempts at novelty will fail first time round. Perseverance in addition to critical thinking , cooperation, trust and value attribution towards others are required . And so far no official policy has addressed these issues.
視頻最后提出的政策其實(shí)是對(duì)之前政策的重述：實(shí)際上是中國(guó)（加入WTO之前）的封閉市場(chǎng)迫使外國(guó)跨國(guó)公司將半導(dǎo)體和電腦配件組裝廠設(shè)在這里，這讓這個(gè)國(guó)家看似有了進(jìn)步，依靠的是外國(guó)技術(shù)。如今形勢(shì)再次上演，這一次是因?yàn)槲鞣脚c中國(guó)的所謂敵對(duì)關(guān)系，使得跨國(guó)公司回到了這些幾十年前中國(guó)被排除在外時(shí)的相似模式?；趧?chuàng)新的高價(jià)值生產(chǎn)與文化密切相關(guān)：馬來西亞（作為歐洲帝國(guó)主義的產(chǎn)物）在部分人群中缺乏一些文化因素，這些因素能幫助在更高層次的活動(dòng)中進(jìn)行價(jià)值評(píng)估、消除偏見、消除腐敗、遵守法治、法律面前人人平等、合作、紀(jì)律、耐心和理性，而這些因素對(duì)于成功進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新至關(guān)重要。大多數(shù)初次嘗試的新事物都會(huì)失敗，因此堅(jiān)持、批判性思維、合作、信任以及對(duì)他人價(jià)值的認(rèn)同是必要的。迄今為止，官方政策并沒有解決這些問題。
It needs to be Inclusive. The policy of malay first is obsolete. Minorities were ignored for decades.
需要包容性。優(yōu)先考慮馬來人的政策已經(jīng)過時(shí)。幾十年來，少數(shù)民族一直被忽視。
Malaysia should let migrated Malaysians and their children to come back home.
Make I to iteasy and welcoming home young talents with money home to improve Malaysia
馬來西亞應(yīng)該允許移民的馬來西亞人及其子女回國(guó)。
讓我們讓年輕有才華、有資金的人容易地回到家鄉(xiāng)，幫助改善馬來西亞。
Malaysia doesn’t fall under developed economies. But somehow the quality of life is equal if not better than most countries including Singapore. There are extensive rail network, metro, highways, many high-rise condominiums and landed-houses, high usage of motor vehicles, many live performances and concerts from foreign countries. I think prices of goods and services are artifically lowered through subsidies of fuel. The government is slowly removing the subsidies and start to push the country into high-income threshold category where the population has to start mastering high-value skill that require STEM subjects.
馬來西亞并不屬于發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。但無論如何，生活質(zhì)量和大多數(shù)國(guó)家，甚至新加坡相比，都相當(dāng)接近，甚至更好。這里有廣泛的鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)、地鐵、高速公路、許多高層公寓和獨(dú)立房屋，高使用率的機(jī)動(dòng)車輛，很多來自外國(guó)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出和音樂會(huì)。我認(rèn)為商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格是通過對(duì)燃料的補(bǔ)貼人工壓低的。政府正在逐步取消補(bǔ)貼，并開始推動(dòng)國(guó)家進(jìn)入高收入門檻類別，迫使人口開始掌握需要STEM（科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)）學(xué)科的高價(jià)值技能。
You didn't tell the full story. Two underlying reasons why Malaysia didn't fully realize its potential is because of corruption and the racial-centric government policies. You said Malaysia failed to make the leap from low cost manufacturing to high end knowledge based economy. That's because the native Malay race has been given special racial privileges over other races like the Chinese and Indians in education and commerce, at the expense of meritocracy. As a result the nation lost many intelligent and capable citizens to other countries. eg. the inventor of the pendrive was actually a Chinese Malaysian but he studied in Taiwan and has his business based there.
這個(gè)事件你沒有說完整。馬來西亞沒有充分實(shí)現(xiàn)其潛力的兩個(gè)根本原因是腐敗和種族中心的政府政策。你說馬來西亞未能從低成本制造業(yè)躍升到高端知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)。那是因?yàn)橥林R來族在教育和商業(yè)上享有比其他種族（如華人和印度人）更多的特殊種族特權(quán)，這犧牲了功績(jī)主義的原則。因此，國(guó)家失去了許多聰明和有能力的公民，去到其他國(guó)家。例如，U盤的發(fā)明者其實(shí)是一個(gè)華裔馬來西亞人，但他在臺(tái)灣（地區(qū)）學(xué)習(xí)，并將他的企業(yè)設(shè)在那兒。
But because of the racial privileges given to the native Malays, many of them left for other countries especially to Singapore. Many people would know that Singapore was once a state in Malaysia but with a Chinese majority population. It was expelled because of the Malaysian government and Singapore state government did not see eye to eye on the Malay-centric policies pushed by the central government. Today Singapore has left Malaysia far behind economically and is one of the richest countries in the world. Ask yourself why Singapore with little land and no natural resources but with a Chinese majority population (who were technically 'former Malaysians') manage to develop faster and further than Malaysia with so much natural resources but suppressing half it's own non-Malay population. Another factor is the corruption and cronyism taking place in Malaysia.
請(qǐng)注意，馬來西亞獨(dú)立時(shí)，非馬來族群的人口占了相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占一半。然而，由于政府給予土著馬來族種族特權(quán)，許多人選擇離開，特別是前往新加坡。許多人知道，新加坡曾是馬來西亞的一個(gè)州，但擁有以華人占多數(shù)的族群。因?yàn)轳R來西亞政府和新加坡州政府在推行馬來中心政策上分歧，新加坡被驅(qū)逐出馬來西亞。今天，新加坡已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了馬來西亞，成為世界上最富有的國(guó)家之一。問問自己，為什么新加坡在沒有土地和自然資源的情況下，而且是華人占多數(shù)（實(shí)際上是“前馬來西亞人”）的國(guó)家，能發(fā)展得比擁有大量自然資源的馬來西亞更快、更好
這主要是因?yàn)轳R來西亞壓制了自己近一半的非馬來族群。另一個(gè)因素是馬來西亞的腐敗和裙帶關(guān)系。許多大型企業(yè)被政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的親信掌控，幾乎形成了壟斷。他們的盈利模式是提供低競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，但利用政府政策排除本地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，甚至外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此，你得到了大量肥胖的公司，管理層和員工知道他們可以憑借政府的庇護(hù)，提供劣質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，因?yàn)橛泄潭ǖ谋镜厥袌?chǎng)。如果他們?cè)跊]有政府幫助的情況下，甚至無法在本國(guó)市場(chǎng)與外國(guó)公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那么他們又怎么能在海外市場(chǎng)上與外國(guó)公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)呢？舉兩個(gè)例子：馬航（國(guó)家航空公司）和寶騰（國(guó)家汽車制造商）。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
it is a tall order with the emphasis on religion and race.
這是一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)，尤其是在宗教和種族問題上的強(qiáng)調(diào)。
Any country that is so highly religious it's always the ultimate cause of being not competitive in this world.
任何一個(gè)過于宗教化的國(guó)家，最終都會(huì)導(dǎo)致其在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于劣勢(shì)。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
I am Vietnamese, I think Malaysia will be the next country in Southeast Asia to escape the middle income trap. Their internal government functions better than the Philippines when the country has too much inequality between rich and poor, and they exploit their strategic geographical location more effectively than Thailand when this country plans a canal project for more than 250 years but it is only on paper. And their economic activities are not as rigid as Indonesia when the country requires too much investment capital from Apple and they unilaterally block Chinese e-commerce sites in a non-market way. Their human development index is better than Vietnam, when my country's labor productivity is still low and they are not self-sufficient in high-tech industries such as semiconductors, and they are not dependent on another large country like Cambodia, when the country only knows how to rely on neighboring countries to survive. Malaysia is the most multi-ethnic country in Southeast Asia, but they are not divided into ethnic groups like Myanmar when a country has many problems to become an independent country.
我是越南人，我認(rèn)為馬來西亞將是東南亞下一個(gè)突破中等收入陷阱的國(guó)家。它的政府運(yùn)作比菲律賓更好，菲律賓貧富差距過大；它比泰國(guó)更有效地利用其戰(zhàn)略地理位置，而泰國(guó)計(jì)劃修建運(yùn)河已超過250年，卻始終停留在紙面上；它的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)沒有像印度尼西亞那樣過于僵化，印度尼西亞要求蘋果公司投入大量資金，且以非市場(chǎng)方式單方面封鎖中國(guó)電商網(wǎng)站；它的人類發(fā)展指數(shù)高于越南，我國(guó)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率仍然較低，且在半導(dǎo)體等高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)上沒有自給自足；與依賴鄰國(guó)生存的柬埔寨不同，馬來西亞并不依賴另一個(gè)大國(guó)。馬來西亞是東南亞最多民族的國(guó)家，但它不像緬甸那樣在民族問題上分裂，緬甸面臨許多問題，成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立國(guó)家的道路艱難。
growing islamic extremism is one of the main reasons
日益增長(zhǎng)的伊斯蘭極端主義是主要原因之一。