網(wǎng)友討論：為什么非洲仍然如此貧窮？
Why Africa is Still So Poor
譯文簡介
非洲的資源豐富，超乎想象。然而，非洲的現(xiàn)狀卻充滿貧困，約有4.29億人生活在極端貧困線以下，約占大陸總?cè)丝诘娜种?。今天，盡管這片土地富饒，但最令人印象深刻的卻是那些饑餓的孩子，空洞的眼神在糧食援助工作者的幫助下勉強度日。為什么會有如此鮮明的對比？
正文翻譯
Africa is rich beyond imagination. Blessed with natural resources from arable land, oil, and natural gas to minerals, forests, and wildlife. The continent is jam-packed with a sizable portion of the world’s natural resources, both renewables and non-renewables.
But its present is marred with abject poverty, with 429 million people living beneath the extreme poverty line, roughly a third of the continent’s total population. Today the land might be burgeoning with riches, but the haunting sites most resonant with Africa are those of starving children with vacant eyes getting fed by food aid workers. Why the stark contrast?
非洲的資源豐富，超乎想象。這里擁有從可耕地、石油和天然氣到礦產(chǎn)、森林和野生動物等自然資源。整個大陸蘊藏著大量世界自然資源，無論是可再生資源還是非可再生資源。
然而，非洲的現(xiàn)狀卻充滿貧困，約有4.29億人生活在極端貧困線以下，約占大陸總?cè)丝诘娜种弧＝裉?，盡管這片土地富饒，但最令人印象深刻的卻是那些饑餓的孩子，空洞的眼神在糧食援助工作者的幫助下勉強度日。為什么會有如此鮮明的對比？
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Sungapore. The only reason the Chinese were there was because if the British. No British, no Singapore. The leadership of Singapore was British educated and the legal frxwork post colonialisation was English common law. All factors that were the basis of Singapore's success.
新加坡。中國人在那里存在的唯一原因是因為有英國人。如果沒有英國人，就沒有新加坡。新加坡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層接受了英國教育，且殖民后期的法律框架是英國普通法。這些都是新加坡成功的基礎(chǔ)因素。
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Glad to see we are not blindly blaming white people for everything
很高興看到我們并沒有盲目地把所有問題歸咎于白人。
I think that it boils down to the politicians. If they are very corrupt (as they are here in the US) society stalls and goes down.
我認(rèn)為問題歸根結(jié)底是政客。如果他們非常腐?。ň拖衩绹@里一樣），社會就會停滯不前，甚至倒退。
A combination of factors results in any issue. It’s not just Europe, or just dictatorial rule, or Marxism… it’s a combination of these and so many other things. It’s important to have a video like this to legitimize all angles of the issue.
任何問題的產(chǎn)生都是多種因素的綜合結(jié)果。這不僅僅是歐洲問題，或者只是DC統(tǒng)治，或者是馬克思主義……這是這些以及許多其他因素的結(jié)合。像這樣的影片很重要，因為它能夠讓人們從各個角度看待問題。
If you look more in depth, China still struggles with its food security
如果深入觀察，中國依然在為食品安全而苦苦掙扎。
I remember having a conversation a few years ago with my Saudi-born Nigerian friend about the backwardness of Africa. We discussed MANY issues weighing down Africa, but at the end we agreed that by far the most contributing factor is the lack of value investment mentality in most African nations. For example, in an impoverished community, if a family farmed a large patch of land, the community's attitude would be to use the crops to stave off immediate hunger instead of growing the farming activity. This African lack of prudent thinking is why Africa is poor and undeveloped.
我記得幾年前和我一位出生在沙特的尼日利亞朋友討論非洲的落后問題時，我們討論了許多困擾非洲的問題，但最后我們都同意，最主要的原因是大多數(shù)非洲國家缺乏價值投資的思維。舉個例子，在一個貧困的社區(qū)里，如果一個家庭耕種了一大片土地，社區(qū)的態(tài)度通常是用這些作物來解決眼前的饑餓問題，而不是去擴大農(nóng)業(yè)活動。這種缺乏深思熟慮的思維方式正是非洲貧困和未發(fā)展的根本原因。
Europe after the fall of Rome was at tribal warfare. Chieftains fighting chieftains to conquer them and forcing assimilation, becoming petty kings. Petty kings fighting Petty kings conquered and forced assimilation, becoming kings over vast amounts of territory. Centuries later, after a fluid border by marriage, annexation, purchases, etc owned by the monarchs, nation-states were solidified and the borders made static until declared wars.
羅馬帝國崩潰后的歐洲處于部落戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。酋長們互相征戰(zhàn)，征服對方并強制同化，逐漸成為小國國王。小國國王們再互相爭斗，征服并同化，成為擁有大片領(lǐng)土的國王。幾個世紀(jì)后，隨著婚姻、吞并、購買等方式，君主們的領(lǐng)土逐漸流動，國家邊界逐漸固定，直到宣戰(zhàn)才會發(fā)生變化。
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我在想，如果非洲被允許自主發(fā)展，會發(fā)生什么？會不會是2000個部落或民族群體彼此征服、同化，一波接一波，最終只剩下15個王國，邊界流動，然后是民族國家的形成，接著是為了減少民族國家數(shù)量而發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，最終剩下7個？
Singapore was Westernized, most of Africa had proxy wars between the West and the Soviet unx.
新加坡是西方化的，而大多數(shù)非洲國家則經(jīng)歷了西方與蘇聯(lián)之間的代理戰(zhàn)爭。
Great video, friend. As a Nigerian, it's so refreshing to hear such such an obxtive analysis of Africa and it's issues. So many people just automatically parrot the notion that all our problems are due to colonialism or racism while ignoring more important factors like our geography, climate and sociocultural, political, and economic issues. Thanks for your obxtivity.
很棒的視頻，朋友。作為一名尼日利亞人，聽到如此客觀的分析真是令人耳目一新。很多人自動重復(fù)說我們所有的問題都?xì)w咎于殖民主義或種族主義，而忽視了更重要的因素，如我們的地理、氣候以及社會文化、政治和經(jīng)濟問題。感謝你保持客觀。
Look at Rhodesia they had a stable currency, a thriving, economy, agriculture, industry, hospitals, airports, railroads, universities, paved roads, plenty of clean, water, electricity, air conditioning, plenty of petrol at all the filling stations, fully stocked grocery store, shelves , no trash on the streets, no graffiti on the buildings and then suddenly everything collapsed.
Rhodesia became. ZimmGhetto
看看羅得西亞，他們曾有穩(wěn)定的貨幣、繁榮的經(jīng)濟、農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、醫(yī)院、機場、鐵路、大學(xué)、鋪好的道路、充足的清潔水、電力、空調(diào)，所有加油站都有充足的汽油，雜貨店貨架上琳瑯滿目，街道上沒有垃圾，建筑物上沒有涂鴉，然后突然一切都崩潰了。羅得西亞變成了津巴布韋貧民區(qū)。
it is funny how these countries starve and starve, yet their populations are absolutely booming...
真有趣，這些國家一直在饑荒中掙扎，然而它們的人口卻在不斷增長……
Europe has wasted trillions(yes, really) in development aid for Africa for little to no progress, its definitely not Europe's fault.
歐洲在非洲發(fā)展援助上浪費了萬億（沒錯，真的是萬億），但幾乎沒有取得什么進展，這絕對不是歐洲的錯。
A country's wealth is determined by the intelligence and behavior of it's citizens.
一個國家的財富取決于其公民的智力和行為。
Singapore was a British colony, and since its independence, it has done very well for itself. I don't think that I would have used indignation as a word to describe British rule there.
Jamaica was also a British colony with one of the lowest crime rates in the world back in the 60s. Would anyone care to look up the latest crime statistics ? Go and walk around Kingston.
新加坡曾是英國的殖民地，自從獨立以來，它發(fā)展得很好。我不認(rèn)為我會用“憤慨”來形容英國的統(tǒng)治。 牙買加也是英國的殖民地，在60年代時，犯罪率是世界上最低的之一。有人愿意查查最新的犯罪統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)嗎？去金斯敦走一走吧
The rich are getting rich off Africa. That’s the truth
富人正在通過非洲變得更富。這才是事實。
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Who would have thought Com...ism / socialism doesn’t work?! If only there was a plethora of historical examples to learn from.
誰能想到GCZY/社會主義行不通？！如果歷史上有那么多的例子可以學(xué)習(xí)的話。
Simple.
Roughly 55 years ago, a (civil war induced) famine struck a part of Africa; that famine was covered heavily by western media (Biafra crisis).
That media coverage signalled the start of nowadays' industrialized "development aid"; the results of that development aid is basically this:
簡單來說。
大約55年前，一場由內(nèi)戰(zhàn)引發(fā)的饑荒席卷了非洲的一部分地區(qū)；這場饑荒得到了西方媒體的廣泛報道（比亞法拉危機）。
這場媒體報道標(biāo)志著如今工業(yè)化“發(fā)展援助”的開始；這些發(fā)展援助的結(jié)果基本上是這樣的：
- in this timespan, agriculture grew by 200%. (~x3)
[just to provide numbers for classification: The EU, with not even half the population, produces around twice as much food as the whole african continent.]
從1950年人口從2.4億增長到超過13億。（大約增長了5倍）
在這個時間段內(nèi)，農(nóng)業(yè)增長了200%。（大約增長了3倍）
為了提供分類的數(shù)字：歐盟人口不到非洲的一半，但其生產(chǎn)的食品量大約是整個非洲大陸的兩倍。
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In other words: Africans "out-procreate" any growth they can manage to achieve; while (almost) all other regions of Planet Earth at some point of history realized to "only breed what you can feed", that very basic concept never made it's way into Africans' heads: Their economies grow somewhat fast, so does their agricultural production - but their population growth consumes every bit of extra-wealth created, instead leaves the continent with a net-minus in terms of wealth (and food).
-直到今天，農(nóng)業(yè)占據(jù)了非洲經(jīng)濟的60%以上。
換句話說：非洲人的生育率遠遠超過他們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的任何經(jīng)濟增長；而（幾乎）地球上的所有其他地區(qū)，在歷史上的某個時刻都意識到“只能養(yǎng)得起的才能生育”，但這一基本概念始終沒有進入非洲人的思維：他們的經(jīng)濟增長雖然相對較快，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)也增長了——但人口增長吞噬了所有額外創(chuàng)造的財富，反而讓這個大陸在財富（和食物）方面處于凈虧損狀態(tài)。
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I most admit. This is pretty disingenuous if we are not going to talk about the lasting affects of the arab slave trade, trans Atlantic slave trade, the race for africa which caused fake countries with randomized borders that causes tribal wars and etc. I'm not saying the current population can't be blamed, but you gotta tell the full story just like Haiti.
我必須承認(rèn)。如果我們不談阿拉伯奴隸貿(mào)易、跨大西洋奴隸貿(mào)易、以及“爭奪非洲”的殖民化過程所造成的偽國家和隨之而來的部落戰(zhàn)爭等持久影響，那么這其實是非常不誠實的。我不是說當(dāng)前的人口不值得責(zé)備，但你必須講完整的故事，就像海地一樣。
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Island, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Israel… it’s all about the people and their culture, how they value education, hard work and society being trustworthy and without religious indoctrination or tribalism
島嶼，新加坡，臺灣（地區(qū)），日本，韓國，以色列……這一切都關(guān)乎人民及其文化，他們?nèi)绾慰粗亟逃⑶趭^工作以及社會的信任，而沒有宗教灌輸或部落主義。
Unfortunately in Equatorial Guinea, the "richest" country in Africa, pretty much all of the wealth is in the hands of the country's leading family, while most of the population is just as poor as most other Africans.
不幸的是，在赤道幾內(nèi)亞這個非洲“最富有”的國家，幾乎所有的財富都掌握在該國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)家族手中，而大多數(shù)人口和大多數(shù)其他非洲人一樣貧窮。
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one only has to compare South Korea in 1960. It was still recovering from the war and very poor compared to many of the African countries that had received their independence at the time.
And how things are now.
只需比較一下1960年的韓國。當(dāng)時它仍在從戰(zhàn)爭中恢復(fù)，相比許多當(dāng)時剛獲得獨立的非洲國家要貧窮得多。
看看現(xiàn)在的情況。
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Their geogrqphy sucks. They are also geographically isolated, there tends to be vliffs on the coast, and most rivers are not navigable.
他們的地理位置很糟糕。他們也地理上相對孤立，沿海通常是懸崖，而且大多數(shù)河流都無法通航。
The natives have had sub Saharan Africa for 400,000 years and only managed to rise to the technology of building a mud hut.
You cannot blame Europe.
當(dāng)?shù)厝艘呀?jīng)在撒哈拉以南的非洲生活了40萬年，卻只發(fā)展出了建造土坯房的技術(shù)。
你不能全怪歐洲。
Africa was even underdeveloped before being colonised, Singapore is small and colonial impact was bigger than in Africa, so after gainning independence there was infrastructure, modern institution and an small mass of educated people (westernized), Africa was to big, infrastracture was build here and there, very diverse in terms of population and laguages, after independence most of it fight in all kinds of wars (political, tribal, etc), big corruption, no stability, cultural very different from westerners, even now when they start to build infrastracture they do not have capability on their own they go to Chinese so you have Chinese loans, Chinese technology, Chinese machines, Chinese engineers and skilled workers, Chinese investment goals (they focus infrastracture for their own economic interests like getting resourses/mining), africans to pay the bills.
非洲在被殖民之前就已經(jīng)不發(fā)達，新加坡雖然小，但殖民影響比非洲還要大，所以在獲得獨立后那里已經(jīng)有了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、現(xiàn)代化的制度和一小部分受過教育的西化人才；而非洲太大，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施只是零散建設(shè)，人口和語言差異很大，獨立后大部分地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了各種戰(zhàn)爭（政治的、部落的等），腐敗嚴(yán)重，缺乏穩(wěn)定，文化與西方差異也很大。即便現(xiàn)在開始建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，他們自己沒有能力，還是依賴中國，所以就有了中國的貸款、中國的技術(shù)、中國的機械、中國的工程師和技術(shù)工人、中國的投資目標(biāo)（他們關(guān)注的是為自己的經(jīng)濟利益建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，比如獲得資源/礦產(chǎn)開采），而非洲則要為這些買單。
Same reason Detroit, and other cities in America that's went from Great to getto in a few decades!
和底特律以及美國其他一些曾經(jīng)繁榮但在幾十年內(nèi)變得貧困的城市一樣的原因！
What I find more interesting is how people can feel offended when people speak about people who may have some similarity to you but thats all. Because someone calls Africa poor it doesnt mean theyre calling the people bad or poor.
我覺得更有意思的是，當(dāng)人們談?wù)撆c自己可能有一些相似之處的人時，為什么會感到被冒犯。因為有人說非洲貧窮并不意味著他們在說這些人壞或貧窮。
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people dont realize how non dense africa is also. its MASSIVE but not a lot of people.
人們沒有意識到非洲是多么的稀疏。它非常龐大，但人口并不多。
Africa was (and often still is) a continent of hunter-gatherer tribes killing each other with sticks amd selling survivors into slavery. There was no going lower than this in term of civilization. Africa wasn't "broken", it was always a feral place.
非洲曾經(jīng)（并且往往仍然是）是一個由獵人采集部落組成的大陸，這些部落用棍子互相殘殺，并將幸存者賣為奴隸。在文明層面上，非洲幾乎沒有比這更低的水平了。非洲并不是“被摧毀”的，它一直是一個野蠻的地方。
Trading routes are the biggest problem. For a continent so large, Africa lacks navigable rivers that prevent any meaningful movement within or for export. Africa also lacks good roads outside some cities and Poor Geography to allow them to be extended. Rail transportation is also poor over long distances and with roads requiring maintenance and guarding from rebel groups. Old tribal rivalries exist and the rebel groups resulting from this overseen by widespread mismanagement just serve to compound the problems.
貿(mào)易路線是最大的問題。對于這樣一個如此龐大的大陸，非洲缺乏可通航的河流，這使得其內(nèi)部或?qū)ν獬隹诘倪\輸變得非常困難。除了一些城市外，非洲缺乏良好的道路，地理條件也使得道路難以延伸。長距離的鐵路運輸也不發(fā)達，而且道路需要維護并防止反叛團體破壞。舊的部落紛爭依然存在，反叛團體在這種情況中的管理不善只是加劇了這些問題。
So basically we went from don’t blame white people to blame black people. Thanks, I’ve learned a lot from this video
基本上，我們從“不怪白人”變成了“怪黑人”。謝謝，這個視頻讓我學(xué)到了很多。
Grains grow in temperate climates, were introduced to Africa within past couple thousand years. Seasonal crops require disciplined planning--otherwise you starve in winter. Different from tropical subsistence farming: food storage is problematic. It takes generations to modify individual responses or tribal cultures. Endemic crime/corruption are examples of learned impulsivity: get it now before it rots or someone else does.
谷物生長在溫帶氣候中，最近幾千年才引入非洲。季節(jié)性作物需要有計劃的種植——否則冬天就會餓死。這與熱帶的自給農(nóng)業(yè)不同：食物儲存存在問題。需要幾代人的時間來改變個人的反應(yīng)或部落文化。內(nèi)生的犯罪和腐敗是學(xué)來的沖動行為：趕快拿到手，不然就會腐爛或者被別人搶走。
7:00 The equator placement is beyond atrocious, that map is 2D equivalent of crime against humanity.
7:00 那個赤道位置真是糟糕透了，那張地圖是2D版的反人類罪行。
The 14th century the Old World was decimated by the Black Death. Our ancestors died by the thousands. Black Africa was protected by the immense Sahara.
Long story short: Black Africa did not interfere or helped the people outside Africa. Which was a blessing in disguise because. For Europe's survivors it was the end of feudalism and the beginning of modern societies.
How inhumane it might seem, intefering in other nations with good intentions can be destructive in the long run.
14世紀(jì)，舊世界遭遇黑死病的災(zāi)難。我們的祖先死于數(shù)以萬計。非洲被廣袤的撒哈拉沙漠保護。
長話短說：非洲并沒有干預(yù)或幫助外界的人。這在某種程度上是一個“天賜的福音”，因為對于歐洲的幸存者來說，這是封建主義的結(jié)束，也是現(xiàn)代社會的開始。
盡管這看起來可能不人道，但以善意干預(yù)其他國家從長遠來看可能是毀滅性的。
Did you make this video because of the growing anti-western sentiment in parts of Africa and it’s overall lack of interest in the West vs East beef? It seems like a pretty random video drop not to mention the high amount of half truths and misinformation throughout the video.
你做這個視頻是因為非洲部分地區(qū)日益增長的反西方情緒，以及整體上對東西方?jīng)_突的不感興趣嗎？這個視頻看起來有點突兀，尤其是視頻中有很多半真半假的內(nèi)容和誤導(dǎo)信息。
and Africa has never had an agriculture problème that's nonsense , all those problems are caused by recent climate change
非洲從來沒有農(nóng)業(yè)問題，這種說法是胡說八道，所有這些問題都是由近期氣候變化引起的。
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You guys need to mix the sound a little better. At about 60% of the video it’s hard to hear what the narrator is saying because the music is so loud.
你們需要稍微調(diào)整一下聲音的混音。在視頻的60%處，敘述者的聲音因為背景音樂太響幾乎聽不清。
Your treating Africa as one problem when I checked alot of the things here make no sense as southern Africa is the most industrializaed region in Africa but okay be like that
你們把非洲當(dāng)成一個單一問題來處理，但我查了一下，很多視頻中的內(nèi)容并不準(zhǔn)確，比如南非是非洲最工業(yè)化的地區(qū)，但你們就這樣處理它。
Sorry, but Equatorial Guinea isn't as great example of development in Africa as depicted in this video. Almost entire GDP of Equatorial Guinea is stolen by elite surrounding president Obiang, meanwhile most of population still lives in extreme poverty. In this video is also mentioned that Zimbabwe could feed itself. But not in time of dictator Robert Mugabe when many people were starving and hyperinflation was skyrocketing.
抱歉，但赤道幾內(nèi)亞并不是視頻中所描述的那樣非洲的一個發(fā)展范例。幾內(nèi)亞幾乎整個GDP都被總統(tǒng)奧比昂周圍的精英們竊取，而大部分人民仍然生活在極度貧困中。視頻中還提到津巴布韋可以自給自足，但在DC者羅伯特·穆加貝時期，許多人都餓死了，且惡性通貨膨脹飆升。
Correction: it isn't completely Europe's fault. You can't ignore the long term effects of colonialism.
更正：這完全不是歐洲的責(zé)任。不能忽視殖民主義的長期影響。
Shipping and infrastructure as well as various unsafe and unstable countries not to mention poverty disease and corruption.
航運和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以及一些不安全和不穩(wěn)定的國家，再加上貧困、疾病和腐敗。
Africa suffers from nations with colonial boundaries drawn with no thought to tribe or culture, poor education, and kleptocracies.
非洲問題來自于殖民時期隨意劃定的國界，這些國界沒有考慮到部落和文化，此外還有教育水平低和貪污腐敗。
The problem with the whole continent is proper investment. The west runs the world's banking system yet does not invest into the infrastructure of the continent. Areas in which investment is applied shows great potential. Just like in the united states the government for decades worked to keep African American communities down by providing welfare type programs as a singular remedy rather than educational, work programs along fair and decent housing. It says little of a culture to beat on its chest and claims its superior rather than be a great culture and show true superior character by being a good neighbor. Its like the Chinese proverb says "give a man a fish and feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and feed him for a life time."
Also corruption is killing the continent as well
整個大陸的問題是缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y。西方控制著全球銀行系統(tǒng)，但卻不投資非洲大陸的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在一些投資到位的地區(qū)，非洲展現(xiàn)出巨大的潛力。就像美國一樣，政府幾十年來通過提供單一的福利型項目來壓制非洲裔美國社區(qū)，而不是提供教育、就業(yè)項目和公平的住房。這些做法沒有談到文化的提升，反而讓一些文化自以為是，宣揚自己的優(yōu)越性，而不是做一個偉大的文化，展示真正的優(yōu)越品質(zhì)，成為一個好鄰居。正如中國諺語所說：“授人以魚，吃一日；授人以漁，終生受益。”
腐敗也是摧毀大陸的原因之一。
Africa's situation is not ONLY Europe's fault, but Europe bears significant blame. The creators of this particular video are VERY lazy with the Asian examples. Unlike in Africa, Singaporean leaders were not repeatedly assassinated by Western intelligence agencies (and replaced with incompetent, pro-West puppets) during the transition out of colonialism. Singapore controls its own currency and therefore was able to control its own economic policies. Many "independent" African nations were forced into accepting European control of their currencies. France STILL manipulates African currencies in a way that prioritizes French interests over African interests. Once again, Africa's situation is not ONLY Europe's fault, but Europe bears significant blame.
非洲的困境不僅僅是歐洲的責(zé)任，但歐洲確實應(yīng)該承擔(dān)很大一部分責(zé)任。這個視頻的制作人對亞洲的例子處理得非常草率。與非洲不同，新加坡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在脫離殖民主義的過渡過程中并沒有被西方情報機構(gòu)多次暗殺（并被無能的親西方傀儡取代）。新加坡控制著自己的貨幣，因此能夠掌控自己的經(jīng)濟政策。許多“獨立”的非洲國家被迫接受歐洲對其貨幣的控制。法國至今仍在操控非洲貨幣，優(yōu)先考慮法國的利益而非非洲的利益。再次強調(diào)，非洲的困境不僅僅是歐洲的責(zé)任，但歐洲確實應(yīng)承擔(dān)重要責(zé)任。