越南的工業(yè)與中國相比有多強?
How strong is Vietnam's industry compared to China's?譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友:這里有一個軼事故事。幾個月前,我訪問了中國的一家潛在OEM合作伙伴。他們在寧波有一個大型制造工廠,在另一個中國城市(我記不清是哪個城市,可能是重慶)還有一個更大的工廠。值得注意的是,他們在2014年就在越南設立了公司和制造工廠......
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Here’s an anecdotal story.
A couple of months back, I visited a potential OEM partner in China. They had a major manufacturing facility in Ningbo and an even larger one in another Chinese city (can’t remember which one, maybe Chongqing). Notably, in 2014 they had also set-up a company and manufacturing facility in Vietnam — before the first Trump presidency.
I commented to the person hosting me how prescient this decision appeared to be, particularly given the trade war that subsequently erupted between the US and China.
這里有一個軼事故事。幾個月前,我訪問了中國的一家潛在OEM合作伙伴。他們在寧波有一個大型制造工廠,在另一個中國城市(我記不清是哪個城市,可能是重慶)還有一個更大的工廠。值得注意的是,他們在2014年就在越南設立了公司和制造工廠——在特朗普第一次總統(tǒng)任期之前。
我對接待我的人評論道,這個決策看起來真是非常具有遠見,特別是考慮到隨后的中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。
她同意公司CEO的決定確實很聰明,但她也提到,在越南找到技術熟練的勞動力非常困難;他們的中國員工仍然需要擔任越南工廠大部分的管理職位。請注意,這不是一家生產(chǎn)高端技術產(chǎn)品的科技公司。
另一方面,我們剛剛從越南雇傭了一名軟件開發(fā)員。他已經(jīng)證明是我們開發(fā)團隊的一個很好的補充,我們的產(chǎn)品負責人說他相當有技術。而且?guī)缀趺恐?,我都會收到來自越南軟件外包公司的郵件,提供他們的服務。
我認為這從某種程度上展示了越南目前的情況。越南有巨大的潛力,它將受益于特朗普對中國的關稅,因為越來越多的中國公司尋求將制造業(yè)外包到其他國家。但也有一些非常明顯的障礙。
Vietnam cannot compare with China because China has 75 years of peace and Vietnam only has 29 years of peace to develop. If there are another 46 years, Vietnam will be better than China today
越南無法與中國相比,因為中國有75年的和平,而越南只有29年的和平可以發(fā)展。如果再有46年,越南將比今天的中國更強大。
How can a country of 100 million people, still backward, be stronger than the industrial powers as China, Japan and South Korea?
NO! no way.
Vietnamese people are making slow progress in heavy industry development, but have made great strides in the fields of information technology, AI, and telecommunications. Of course that is not enough.
一個人口有一億的國家,盡管仍然落后,怎么可能比中國、日本和韓國這樣的工業(yè)強國更強大?
不!不可能。
越南人民在重工業(yè)發(fā)展方面進展緩慢,但在信息技術、人工智能和電信領域已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進步。當然,這還不夠。
If this country do not study, learn and work diligently to grasp the future destiny of the country, this country will certainly become an economic vassal of China or the United States in the future.. Currently, the major powers mainly dominate the economy, which is the ultimate card that influences politics.
越南在研究、教育和自力更生發(fā)展方面沒有突破。吸引外國投資和外國人才只是一個短期問題。直到越南的自然資源枯竭,一切都會走向另一個方向。
如果這個國家不努力學習、勤奮工作,把握國家未來的命運,這個國家將來一定會成為中國或美國的經(jīng)濟附庸。目前,主要大國主要主導著經(jīng)濟,這是影響政治的最終籌碼。
I can only be certain of one thing: Vietnamese men are incredibly lazy and arrogant, at least compared to Vietnamese women in their own country.
Yes, Vietnamese women are highly pragmatic, hardworking, and genuinely admirable.
But Vietnamese men, as a whole, apart from sipping coffee and boasting, have not demonstrated any particularly respectable qualities.
我只能確定一件事:越南男人非常懶惰和傲慢,至少相比于越南國內(nèi)的越南女人。
是的,越南女人非常務實、勤奮,值得欽佩。
但是越南男人,整體而言,除了喝咖啡和吹牛,似乎沒有展示出任何特別值得尊敬的品質。
Even their neighbors, the “effeminate-sounding” Muay Thai fighters, manage to dominate others on the global stage, crushing any opponent with their Muay Thai skills.
沒有人知道這些越南男人在做什么。他們既沒有建造太空站,也沒有探索宇宙。你也看不見他們在賽道上與非洲短跑選手競爭,打破游泳池里的世界紀錄,或者在實驗室里研發(fā)世界最先進的核能技術或芯片設計。
即使是他們的鄰居,那些“聽起來有些女性化”的泰拳拳手,依然能在全球舞臺上占據(jù)主導地位,憑借泰拳技能擊敗任何對手。
No one knows what they’re up to. Their daily lives seem to consist of drinking coffee and boasting. Even in fields like K-pop-style singing and dancing, Vietnamese men are nowhere to be seen.
但是越南男人呢?
沒人知道他們在做什么。他們的日常生活似乎就是喝咖啡和吹牛。即使是在像K-pop風格的歌舞表演這樣的領域,也看不到越南男人的身影。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
What I’m saying is that Vietnamese men, as a collective, haven’t demonstrated dominance in any particular field. This lack of distinction makes them largely forgettable, as if their daily lives revolve solely around drinking coffee and boasting.
真相往往是殘酷的,直言不諱的話語往往讓別人難以接受。是的,越南民族主義者可能會指出許多例外,并通過巧妙的辯解來反駁我的觀點。
但我所要說的是,作為一個整體,越南男人在任何特定領域都沒有表現(xiàn)出主導地位。正是這種缺乏突出表現(xiàn),使得他們顯得毫不起眼,仿佛他們的日常生活只圍繞著喝咖啡和吹牛展開。
Even Kenya, as an African nation, has athletes who dominate long-distance running, consistently claiming medals and striking fear into their competitors whenever these dark-skinned Kenyan runners step onto the track.
即便是印度人,盡管面臨許多挑戰(zhàn),仍然被認為是頂尖的醫(yī)生和IT專業(yè)人士。在這些領域,你常常會遇到帶有印度口音的男士說英語。韓國人則以在LED和芯片技術領域擁有一些世界一流的工程師而聞名。
即使是肯尼亞,作為一個非洲國家,也有在長跑項目中占據(jù)主導地位的運動員,每當這些膚色黝黑的肯尼亞選手踏上賽道時,他們總能穩(wěn)定地贏得獎牌,并讓對手感到畏懼。
When it comes to cutting-edge science and technology, top-tier engineering, or global sports, it’s difficult to see Vietnamese men making a mark as a collective force.
毫無疑問,越南有許多聰明才智的個人。他們的學生在數(shù)學奧林匹克競賽中表現(xiàn)“不錯”——但僅僅是“不錯”。
然而,談到前沿科學技術、頂尖工程學或全球體育,似乎很難看到越南男性作為一個集體力量有所突出。
These “incredibly lazy and arrogant” Vietnamese men have the intellect and mettle to whip the ass of global powers in battles throughout history, Chinese included. For the Chinese, not once, but multiple times. Don’t embarrass your ancestors by suggesting your Chinese men are even more impotent. What should we expect from the species that were forced to put on the Manchu queue for two and a half centuries?
這些“令人難以置信的懶惰和傲慢”的越南人有智慧和勇氣在歷史上的戰(zhàn)爭中鞭打全球大國,包括中國人。對中國人來說,不是一次,而是多次。不要說你們中國男人更陽痿,讓你的祖先難堪。我們應該對這些被迫排在滿族隊列上長達兩個半世紀的物種有什么期待呢?
正如你在這個回答中所表達的那樣,你的中國觀點不僅離譜。它也是無知的、可笑的、無用的。這充分說明了你們中國人的思想和智力水平。
I visited Vietnam for 8 days recently
No comparison whatsoever
Here are some points :-
#1 Vietnam has virtually NO supply chain
Every factory in Vietnam runs on Chinese Machines most of the time Or in some cases German Machines
Most of the parts for Final Or Secondary Assembly come from China
#2 Most of the Industry is still Low Grade
我最近去了越南,待了8天
根本無法相比
以下是幾點:
#1 越南幾乎沒有供應鏈
越南的大多數(shù)工廠通常使用中國機器,或者在某些情況下使用德國機器
大多數(shù)用于最終或二次組裝的零部件來自中國
#2 大多數(shù)工業(yè)仍然是低端的
Vietnamese Industry is close to 90% Low Grade and 10% Medium Grade - similar to what China was between 2003–2007
湄公河地區(qū)最大的四家工廠生產(chǎn)紡織品、紡織品、用于手機的酚醛模具和紙箱。
越南的工業(yè)幾乎90%是低端的,10%是中端的——類似于中國在2003年至2007年之間的情況。
Vietnam has a some Engineers educated in places like Singapore but even so 80% Supervisors are Chinese
Vietnam as yet don't have the volume of Skilled Workers that is needed to migrate to Medium Or High Grade Manufacture
#3 越南的高管監(jiān)督相對較弱
越南確實有一些在新加坡等地受過教育的工程師,但即便如此,80%的監(jiān)督人員還是中國人。
目前,越南還沒有足夠的熟練工人來支持向中高端制造業(yè)的轉型。
A. Vietnam has a decent Skilled Labor Force and a lot of women laborers
B. Vietnam has 15 Industrial Parks where they now make Mid Quality Products like Branded Razor Blades & I Pads
However Vietnam lacks the Logistics & Supply Chain potential of China by a very long way off
然而,一些積極的方面包括:
A. 越南擁有相當不錯的熟練勞動力,并且有大量女性勞動力。
B. 越南有15個工業(yè)園區(qū),目前生產(chǎn)中等質量的產(chǎn)品,如品牌剃須刀片和iPad。
然而,越南在物流和供應鏈的潛力上與中國相差甚遠。
Good observations, KB. I often find myself arguing with Vietnamese nationalists who believe Vietnam will be top dog in ASEAN in a decade.
I own an industrial park in HCMC. It's largely filled with pot and pan manufacturers for Korean and Japanese brands. Nothing high tech, nothing sophisticated.
很好的觀察,KB。我經(jīng)常與一些越南民族主義者爭論,他們認為越南將在十年內(nèi)成為東盟的領頭羊。
我在胡志明市擁有一個工業(yè)園區(qū),園區(qū)里大多是為韓國和日本品牌生產(chǎn)鍋碗瓢盆的廠家。沒有高科技,也沒有復雜的技術。
越南有一家本土電動汽車制造商,常被宣傳為越南工業(yè)潛力的典范——Vinfast。然而,生產(chǎn)這些汽車的集團正在迅速沉淪,出售家族財富來維持生計。盡管Vinfast是越南最受歡迎的電動汽車,但它根本無法與外國電動汽車競爭——供應鏈問題,自然,它的技術基礎也在中國的大力支持下發(fā)展起來。
Re “Vinfast”: if E Musk/Tesla & Toyota find it difficult to stop the onslaught of BYD, Xpeng etc, this guy thot he has a chance? Good luck!
關于“Vinfast”:如果馬斯克/特斯拉和豐田都很難阻止比亞迪、小鵬等的沖擊,這貨還以為自己有機會?祝好運!
This is because there's little profit incentives to be made to increase the network of supporting industries if you do not master core technologies, as seen in the case with Japan and South Korea whose supporting industries is to maintain employment stability and earning USD from being part of Western supply chain, not innovation of core technologies to outcompete the West.
這是因為,如果不掌握核心技術,就很難通過擴大配套產(chǎn)業(yè)網(wǎng)絡來獲得利潤激勵。正如日本和韓國的情況所示,它們的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)主要是為了維持就業(yè)穩(wěn)定和通過成為西方供應鏈的一部分賺取美元,而不是通過創(chuàng)新核心技術來超越西方。
While China accounts for 31% of global mfg. value-add, if we subtract out export-driven mfg, it falls to ~18%. EU rises to about 19% and the US to 18%
盡管中國占全球制造業(yè)增加值的31%,如果去掉以出口為驅動的制造業(yè),這一比例會降至約18%。歐盟的比例上升到大約19%,美國則為18%。
中國供應鏈的很大一部分是作為西方企業(yè)供應鏈的一部分,從中獲取利潤并進入西方市場。例如,當小米進口索尼的CMOS傳感器用于其智能手機(然后再進行再出口)時,這部分不會被計入中國的增加值。此外,還包括一些間接投入,如進口的石油,這些石油用于各種物流環(huán)節(jié),支持制造出口商品。
The cultural advantage that Vietnam has is that it’s like a East Asian country that happens to be in SEA. Vietnam is advancing faster than most of ASEAN, and that has already made quite a proportion of Vietnamese feel too proud perhaps, that they have essentially won the Asean gold medal.
越南的文化優(yōu)勢在于,它像是一個東亞國家,恰好位于東南亞。越南的發(fā)展速度超過了大部分東盟國家,這已經(jīng)讓相當一部分越南人感到自豪,也許他們覺得自己基本上已經(jīng)贏得了東盟的金牌。
If Vietnam cannot handle its relationship with China well, future industrial upgrading will be very difficult.
如果越南不能處理好與中國的關系,未來的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級將會非常困難。
At least they have stable relation in region unlike India border they don't have West influence much
至少他們在本地區(qū)的關系穩(wěn)定,不像印度邊界那樣有西方影響。
Almost every one's last name is Nguyen
幾乎每個人的姓氏都是Nguyen。
Nguyen is the most common surname is Vietnam. Even Ho Chi Minh was Nguyen
Nguyen是越南最常見的姓氏。連胡志明也姓Nguyen。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
China is way ahead of both Vietnam and India. I would say by at least 40 years.
中國在越南和印度之前領先,至少領先40年。
Vietnam will soon be top in ASEAN. Worked with some of them in IT projects, they are hardworking & resourceful.
越南很快就會成為東盟的領先者。我曾與他們在IT項目中合作,他們勤奮且足智多謀。
Hopefully, they’ll cooperate with China to improve the situation. They have nothing to expect from the West.
希望他們能與中國合作,改善局勢。他們從西方那里得不到什么期望。
原創(chuàng)翻譯:龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉載請注明出處
They are too proud to do that.
他們太自豪了,不愿意那樣做。
Vietnam has only been actively industrializing for 24 years. It cannot be compared with China with 70, 80 years.
越南只有24年左右的工業(yè)化歷史,無法與有70、80年工業(yè)化歷史的中國相比。
Similar to Singapore, Vietnam serving as a transit market too to both US & China - despite their quarrels, trade & businesses need to be conducted in some way…
類似于新加坡,越南也充當著美國和中國之間的中轉市場——盡管兩國有爭執(zhí),但貿(mào)易和商業(yè)必須以某種方式進行。
With time, they will get there, just like China did. Their relationship will be like that of Mexico and US but much much better for their won’t be walls separating the two countries.
隨著時間的推移,他們會像中國一樣做到這一點。他們的關系將像墨西哥和美國之間的關系,但會好得多,因為兩國之間不會有墻壁隔開。