為什么美國突然對向印度出售F-35戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)感興趣？
Why is the US suddenly interested in selling F-35 fighter jets to India?
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：盡管印度存在諸多重大問題，但它未來仍將成為一個重要的力量。
正文翻譯
Why is the US suddenly interested in selling F-35 fighter jets to India?
為什么美國突然對向印度出售F-35戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)感興趣？
為什么美國突然對向印度出售F-35戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)感興趣？
評論翻譯
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India despite all the big problems happening there? Is going to be a significant power sometime in the future.
The F-35 is a second trojan horse for India.
The second one? The first one was this
Monsanto, did some really nasty things with their seeds to Indian cotton farmers.
The F-35 is the same. Once you say yes to the F-35 it’s like a cuckoo, it gets to a point where there’s so much money sunk into it you can’t cancel it.
盡管印度存在諸多重大問題，但它未來仍將成為一個重要的力量。
F-35對印度而言是第二個“特洛伊木馬”。
第二個？第一個是孟山都（Monsanto）。它對印度棉農(nóng)的種子做了許多極其惡劣的事情。
F-35也是如此。一旦印度接受了F-35，它就像一只杜鵑鳥——一旦投入大量資金，就很難取消。
They advertised that they didn’t need pesticides against bollworm.
Monsanto also said they provided 4 times the yield of traditional cotton. The seeds were expensive, but the Indian farmers could buy them at a huge discount if they swapped their regular cotton seeds for the GM ones which guess what were single generation (the seeds from these plants were sterile and couldn’t be regrown). Monsanto accidentally forgot to tell the Indian farmers this.
The GM cotton seeds did were not pest resistant, the GM cotton seeds produced far less cotton than promised. Oh and they also needed Monsanto brand fertilizer and pesticides.
After a couple years Monsanto jacked up the prices massively. With no self replicating seeds millions of cotton farmers were trapped by Monsanto. About 500,000 farmers ended up hanging themselves because of it.
BUT by 2018 I think Indian nationalists forced the buyout of Monsanto India and their predatory practices ended.
孟山都在印度銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花種子。他們宣傳這些種子不需要使用針對棉鈴蟲的農(nóng)藥。孟山都還聲稱，轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花的產(chǎn)量是傳統(tǒng)棉花的四倍。這些種子價格昂貴，但如果印度棉農(nóng)用自己的普通棉花種子換取轉(zhuǎn)基因種子，他們可以享受巨大折扣。然而，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因種子是一代性的（這些植物的種子是不育的，無法再次種植），孟山都卻“意外地”忘記了告訴印度棉農(nóng)這一點。
轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花種子并不具有抗蟲性，其產(chǎn)量也遠(yuǎn)低于承諾的水平。而且，這些種子還需要使用孟山都品牌的化肥和農(nóng)藥。幾年后，孟山都大幅提高了價格。由于沒有能夠自我繁殖的種子，無數(shù)棉農(nóng)被孟山都困住了，大約有50萬棉農(nóng)因此自殺。
但到了2018年，我認(rèn)為印度民族主義者迫使孟山都印度公司被收購，其掠奪性行為也隨之結(jié)束。
India should follow China’s path to prosperity by focusing on building it's economy and improving the standards of living for its people. Instead, it is dancing to the Western tune and grandstanding with the Western leaders.
印度應(yīng)該效仿中國的繁榮之路，專注于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高人民的生活水平。然而，印度卻在迎合西方的節(jié)奏，在西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人面前嘩眾取寵。
印度，請先理順自己的事務(wù)，把頭腦中的“假想敵”趕走,中國不會入侵你。與其插手地緣政治，不如專注于改善人民的生活和生活條件。當(dāng)你讓公民擺脫貧困，提高識字率，現(xiàn)代化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施并清理環(huán)境時，尊重自然會隨之而來。
Your counsel will do Ukraine a lot of good. Their inane infatuation with the West has cost them a lot of lives already.
你的建議對烏克蘭也會有很大幫助。他們對西方的盲目迷戀已經(jīng)讓他們付出了許多生命代價。
Yea, don’t worry, give all the Nukes to Russia, they won’t invade you, Russia signed a treaty to protect your boards. We have a saying. “Yea right!” How well did trusting Russia did that turn out for Ukraine. C has already tried to take some of India’s territory! Don’t trust anyone! Especially not dictator ships run by megalomaniac’s.
別擔(dān)心，把所有的核武器都交給俄羅斯，他們不會入侵你。俄羅斯簽署了一項保護(hù)你邊界的條約。我們有一句俗話：“說得對！”信任俄羅斯的結(jié)果對烏克蘭來說如何呢？C已經(jīng)試圖侵占印度的部分領(lǐng)土！不要信任任何人！尤其是那些由妄自尊大的DC者統(tǒng)治的國家。
It’s better than the crap they bought from the Russians. When Ukraine started destroying Russian hardware so easily with western weapons, India must have looked at its massive arsenal of Russian weapons and judged them obsolete. No wonder they turn to the West.
這比他們從俄羅斯購買的東西要好得多。當(dāng)烏克蘭開始用西方武器輕松摧毀俄羅斯裝備時，印度一定審視了自己龐大的俄羅斯武器庫，并認(rèn)為它們已經(jīng)過時了。難怪他們會轉(zhuǎn)向西方。
Thought it was the other way around. All that game changing Abrams, Leopard, F16s all became scrap irons.
我以為情況正好相反。那些堪稱游戲規(guī)則改變者的艾布拉姆斯坦克、豹式坦克和F-16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)都變成了廢鐵。
If you were to ask the Chinese, you will hear another version of the story to the never-ending Indian-Chinese border saga. Each side have their own grievances to gripe about. The difference being, for someone looking from the outside, it would appear to me that the anger from the Indian side seems to be disproportionately magnified compared to how the Chinese feel about it. The India-China border issues are complicated and deeply entrenched. And to be honest, the land involved is of not much economic value other than national pride is at stake. But hey, what price is pride?! These two great nations should set all the pride and emotions to aside and settle the border issues once and for all. Any sq km of land ceded will be amply repaid by the peaceful economic cooperation that ensues. I hope wisdom prevails.
如果你去問中國人，關(guān)于中印邊界無盡爭端，你會聽到另一個版本。雙方都有各自的不滿。但作為一個旁觀者，我覺得印度方面的憤怒似乎被不成比例地放大了，相比之下，中國人對此的感受則要淡得多。中印邊界問題復(fù)雜且根深蒂固。老實說，除了關(guān)乎國家尊嚴(yán)外，涉及的土地并沒有太多經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。但尊嚴(yán)是無價的！這兩個偉大的國家應(yīng)該放下所有的尊嚴(yán)和情緒，一勞永逸地解決邊界問題。任何一方讓出的每一平方公里土地，都將通過和平的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作得到豐厚的回報，我希望智慧能夠占上風(fēng)。
China invaded India in 2020 in Galwan. They won’t do it again.
中國在2020年加勒萬事件中入Q了印度，他們不會再這么做了。
No they won't, unless provoked again.
除非再次被挑釁，否則他們不會。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
I wonder why Pakistan is ‘unstable’ to India and not to its other neighbouring countries? Anyway, how many fighter jets, tanks and nuclear weapons does India needs in order to be not fearful? An F35 costs around $80-100 millions and over $1 trillion, yes TRILLION, to operate and maintain over it's 60+ years of life cycle. Imagine how many houses, schools, bridges, roads, railways and dams can be built from this insane amount of money? Imagine the benefits it will bring to the poor people of India and how many generations will be lifted out of poverty? Instead, the politicians chose to spend it to satisfy their ego and vanity.
我很好奇，為什么巴基斯坦對印度來說是“不穩(wěn)定”的，而對其其它鄰國不是“不穩(wěn)定”的因素？不管怎樣，印度需要多少戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)、坦克和核武器才能不再感到恐懼？一架F-35的成本大約在8,000萬到1億美元之間，其60多年的生命周期內(nèi)的運(yùn)營和維護(hù)成本超過1萬億美元，是的，是萬億美元！想象一下，用這一大筆錢可以建造多少房屋、學(xué)校、橋梁、道路、鐵路和大壩？想象一下，這將為印度的窮人帶來多大的好處，能讓多少代人擺脫貧困？然而，政客們卻選擇用這筆錢來滿足他們的自尊和虛榮心。
But Garibi Hatao has been heard since the first caveman days. In the meantime China invaded Congress India in 1962 and occupited 10000 hectares of Indian land.
“消除貧困”（Garibi Hatao）的口號自人類早期就已存在。與此同時，中國在1962年入Q了國大黨統(tǒng)治的印度，并"占領(lǐng)"了1萬公頃的印度土地。
When you have two opposing armies facing each other at such close proximity, clashes bound to flare up. For each skirmish, India will no doubt accuse China as being the aggressor, while China will also have its version of story to tell. Rather than allowing national pride to stand in the way, these two great civilisations should look at the big picture and settle the border issues pragmatically and amicably for their mutual benefits.
當(dāng)兩支對立的軍隊如此近距離地對峙時，沖突是必然會發(fā)生的。對于每一次小規(guī)模沖突，印度無疑會指責(zé)中國是Q略者，而中國也會有自己的說法。與其讓民族自豪感成為絆腳石，這兩個偉大的文明應(yīng)當(dāng)立足于大局，以務(wù)實和友好的態(tài)度解決邊界問題，從而實現(xiàn)雙方的共同利益。
正如我在之前的帖子中提到的，每架F-35的成本大約在8,000萬到1億美元之間，這不算什么大錢。但等一下，其60多年的生命周期內(nèi)的運(yùn)營和維護(hù)成本高達(dá)1.3萬億美元！是的，萬億美元！想象一下，印度可以用這筆錢建造多少房屋、學(xué)校、道路、橋梁、清潔水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)、鐵路等？多少印度人的生活將因此得到改變？
Why should Bharat Empire with 10,000 years history needed to follow China at all. To Bharat Empire leaders, China is much much inferior to them in which Bharat can do everything under the sun.
擁有1萬年歷史的“婆羅多帝國”（Bharat Empire）為什么需要向中國學(xué)習(xí)？在婆羅多帝國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人眼中，中國遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如他們，婆羅多帝國可以做到一切。
Ya ya we know how living conditions are in a one party state.
我們知道一黨制國家的生活條件是怎樣的。
What is the purpose of a F35 if they do not allow them to be used unless approved by the US? That itself should make one question its purchase cos effectively one has no sovereign usage of them.
如果F-35戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的使用必須得到美國的批準(zhǔn)，那么購買它們的意義何在呢？這本身就讓人質(zhì)疑其采購的合理性，因為這意味著你實際上無法自主使用這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
If it was at all possible, the US will sell f35 to all of china's neighbors, just to contain it.
Why? China has its own stealth jets.
The US wants to put india's trillion dollar economy to work countering china's rise, as competition and adversary.
The f35 will be packaged with strings attached. More sweetheart access for US Mncs in the Indian market, while locking out the Chinese. Build up naval dominance of the Indian ocean as part of indopacom strategy to threaten china's trade routes. Dangle the carrot of cutting edge military technology to prevent/reduce indian reliance on Russian weaponry.
如果可能的話，美國會向中國所有鄰國出售F-35，完全是為了遏制中國。
為什么？中國有自己的隱形戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。
美國希望利用印度的萬億美元經(jīng)濟(jì)來對抗中國的崛起，將其視為競爭對手和對手。出售F-35將附帶附加條件。美國跨國公司將在印度市場獲得更多優(yōu)惠準(zhǔn)入，同時將中國排除在外。作為印太戰(zhàn)略的一部分，美國將通過印度在印度洋建立海軍優(yōu)勢，威脅中國的貿(mào)易路線。美國還會通過提供尖端軍事技術(shù)來減少印度對俄羅斯武器的依賴。
The US currently can’t deliver their F35s cause China sanctioned Lockheed Martin LM.
美國目前無法交付F-35，因為中國制裁了洛克希德·馬丁公司（Lockheed Martin），哈哈。
Missing some electronics. The engines may have problems soon.
缺少一些電子設(shè)備，發(fā)動機(jī)可能很快也會出現(xiàn)問題。
The yield of the Monsanto crops was nowhere near the amount that was promised, and the product turned out to be inferior to traditional Indian cotton. They were also highly dependant on Monsanto’s expensive pesticides and fertilisers, not to mention they’re single-generation crops. Many Indian farmers committed suicide as a result. All of this is well documented.
孟山都的作物產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到承諾的水平，其產(chǎn)品也不如傳統(tǒng)印度棉花。它們還高度依賴孟山都昂貴的農(nóng)藥和化肥，更不用說它們是一代作物。許多印度農(nóng)民因此自殺，所有這些都有充分的記錄。
From the toes of our socks to the hem of our necklines, Americans alone consume 25 percent of the world’s cotton, mostly in the form of clothing and home furnishings. People are often surprised to learn that the world’s largest purveyors of cotton seeds (about 80-90 percent of market share in some cotton-producing countries), is a company generally assumed to be focused on food stock. When pulling on their pants in the morning, most people don’t think about Monsanto.
孟山都的棉花戰(zhàn)略逐漸失效
從我們的襪子腳趾到領(lǐng)口邊緣，美國人獨(dú)自消費(fèi)了全球25%的棉花，大多以服裝和家居裝飾品的形式存在。人們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界上最大的棉花種子供應(yīng)商（在一些棉花生產(chǎn)國擁有80-90%的市場份額）是一家通常被認(rèn)為專注于食品的公司。當(dāng)人們早上穿上褲子時，大多數(shù)人并不會想到孟山都。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
1996年孟山都的轉(zhuǎn)基因（GE）棉花首次推出時，似乎是一個夢想成真的時刻。這種植物通過基因誘導(dǎo)的殺蟲劑保護(hù)自己免受討厭的棉鈴蟲侵害，這意味著農(nóng)民可以在害蟲防治上節(jié)省開支，環(huán)境也可以免受大量有害化學(xué)噴霧的侵害。過去依賴危險農(nóng)藥和翻土埋草的農(nóng)民能夠轉(zhuǎn)向使用除草劑輔助的免耕農(nóng)業(yè)，減少水土流失和化肥流失。
然而，在孟山都轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花的首次收獲后，憤怒的美國農(nóng)民開始對孟山都提起訴訟，聲稱該公司夸大了其產(chǎn)品的有效性。農(nóng)民聲稱轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花未能在超過150萬英畝的土地上驅(qū)趕棉鈴蟲。此外，路易斯安那州、田納西州、阿肯色州和密西西比州的棉農(nóng)紛紛投訴，稱棉鈴（即植物上柔軟的棉桃部分，其中包含實際的棉纖維，沒有它就沒有收成）從植株上脫落。然而，孟山都并未因此退縮。
他們繼續(xù)改良轉(zhuǎn)基因植物，逐步提升其性能。然而，在此期間，那些令人頭疼的害蟲也在不斷進(jìn)化。到了2009年，在美國南部的許多農(nóng)場，孟山都的農(nóng)達(dá)除草劑（Roundup）在抵御雜草方面變得越來越力不從心，尤其是面對一種繁殖能力極強(qiáng)的雜草——豬毛菜（Palmer amaranth）。豬毛菜成熟時可高達(dá)七英尺，它會迅速遮蔽其他植物，使它們無法在其陰影下生長。因此，為了控制雜草和害蟲，農(nóng)民不得不使用越來越多的噴霧劑。
幾十年來，農(nóng)民們首次不得不蹲在田里親手拔除雜草，而當(dāng)他們被迫雇傭額外人手來完成這項工作時，他們的開支進(jìn)一步增加。此外，殺蟲劑的問題也日益凸顯。
[引用：“全球范圍內(nèi)，棉花使用的化學(xué)藥劑比任何其他作物使用的化學(xué)藥劑都多。盡管其種植面積僅占全球耕地的2.5%，但棉花種植卻消耗了全球16%的殺蟲劑?！盷
在全球范圍內(nèi)，棉花使用的化學(xué)藥劑比任何其他作物都多。
Well Said. The OP, who belongs to Hongkong or somewhere in China is indulging in willful anti - India propaganda. In order to prevent mutation of Bollworms, Monsanto has advised all Indian farmers to mix Bt & Non Bt Seed, which understandably they did not do (Indian Farmers are generally very poor in disciplined Agronomic practices). which resulted in reduced effectiveness of Bt Cotton. THIS AUTHOR’S ONLY INTENTION IS TO CONFUSE INDO - US RELATIONS.
說得好！樓主可能是香港（特區(qū)）或中國其他地方的人，正在故意進(jìn)行反印宣傳。為了防止棉鈴蟲變異，孟山都建議所有印度農(nóng)民混合種植嵌入了蘇云金芽孢桿菌（Bt）棉種和非Bt棉種，但印度農(nóng)民顯然沒有做到（印度農(nóng)民通常在規(guī)范的農(nóng)藝操作上表現(xiàn)不佳），這導(dǎo)致了Bt棉效果的降低。這位作者的唯一目的就是混淆印美關(guān)系。
I read about this before. But it was so long ago. I had to google to see when it started (year 2002).
Even my story here has a lesson for everybody.
The international media was positive about Monsanto’s new GM cotton seeds. Supposed to be very good, blah blah.
Then the whole thing dropped off my radar. Because international media did its rah-rah for Monsanto, but not a critical follow up. Instead we started reading about ‘high suicide rates’ for Indian farmers a few years later.
With NO CONTEXT.
I didn’t even know they were connected. International media never connected the dots. Instead there were evasive, vague statements about lots of Indian farmers committing suicide. I even assumed that it was the Indians who were covering this up!
我以前讀過這方面的內(nèi)容，但那是很久以前的事了。我不得不通過谷歌搜索才知道這件事是從2002年開始的。
我的經(jīng)歷也給所有人一個教訓(xùn)。
當(dāng)時，國際媒體對孟山都的新轉(zhuǎn)基因棉種評價很高，說它們非常好，等等。
然后這件事就從我的視野中消失了。因為國際媒體只是為孟山都大唱贊歌，卻沒有進(jìn)行批判性的后續(xù)報道。相反，幾年后我們開始看到有關(guān)印度農(nóng)民“自殺率高”的報道。
報道中沒有任何背景信息,我甚至不知道這些事件之間存在聯(lián)系。國際媒體從未將這些事件聯(lián)系起來分析，只是含糊地提到許多印度農(nóng)民自殺。我甚至以為是印度人自己在掩蓋真相！
I first heard about it in 6th form college from my environmental science teacher.
I read about it now and again.
我第一次聽說這件事是在讀高中六年級時，我的環(huán)境科學(xué)老師提到的。
之后我偶爾還會看到相關(guān)的報道。