為什么在美國(guó)建核電廠如此之難
Why It’s So Hard To Build Nuclear Power Plants In The U.S.
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
沃格特爾核電站位于佐治亞州韋恩斯伯勒，隨著兩臺(tái)新反應(yīng)堆的加入，已成為美國(guó)最大的清潔能源來(lái)源之一。根據(jù)喬治亞電力公司的消息，該電站的4號(hào)機(jī)組于今年4月開(kāi)始商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，3號(hào)機(jī)組則在去年上線。這是三十多年來(lái)首次從零開(kāi)始建造并接入電網(wǎng)的反應(yīng)堆，兩臺(tái)機(jī)組共同可以為超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭和企業(yè)提供電力。
正文翻譯
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Plant Vogtle, a nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Ga., is the largest source of clean energy in the U.S. following the addition of two new reactors, according to Georgia Power. The plant's Unit 4 reactor began commercial operations in April and Unit 3 went online last year. They are the first reactors built from scratch and connected to the grid in over three decades and together can power over a million homes and businesses, according to the utility provider.
沃格特爾核電站位于佐治亞州韋恩斯伯勒，隨著兩臺(tái)新反應(yīng)堆的加入，已成為美國(guó)最大的清潔能源來(lái)源之一。根據(jù)喬治亞電力公司的消息，該電站的4號(hào)機(jī)組于今年4月開(kāi)始商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，3號(hào)機(jī)組則在去年上線。這是三十多年來(lái)首次從零開(kāi)始建造并接入電網(wǎng)的反應(yīng)堆，兩臺(tái)機(jī)組共同可以為超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭和企業(yè)提供電力。
每日新素材，等你來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)！ http://m.top-shui.cn/translation
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
Plant Vogtle, a nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Ga., is the largest source of clean energy in the U.S. following the addition of two new reactors, according to Georgia Power. The plant's Unit 4 reactor began commercial operations in April and Unit 3 went online last year. They are the first reactors built from scratch and connected to the grid in over three decades and together can power over a million homes and businesses, according to the utility provider.
沃格特爾核電站位于佐治亞州韋恩斯伯勒，隨著兩臺(tái)新反應(yīng)堆的加入，已成為美國(guó)最大的清潔能源來(lái)源之一。根據(jù)喬治亞電力公司的消息，該電站的4號(hào)機(jī)組于今年4月開(kāi)始商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，3號(hào)機(jī)組則在去年上線。這是三十多年來(lái)首次從零開(kāi)始建造并接入電網(wǎng)的反應(yīng)堆，兩臺(tái)機(jī)組共同可以為超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭和企業(yè)提供電力。
But bringing a nuclear power plant to life is difficult and costly. The two new reactors at Plant Vogtle were initially budgeted at $14 billion, but that price tag more than doubled. The project also ran seven years behind schedule.
但建造一座核電站是非常困難且成本高昂的。沃格特爾核電站的兩臺(tái)新反應(yīng)堆最初預(yù)算為140億美元，但最終成本翻了一番多。該項(xiàng)目還比原計(jì)劃推遲了七年。
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但建造一座核電站是非常困難且成本高昂的。沃格特爾核電站的兩臺(tái)新反應(yīng)堆最初預(yù)算為140億美元，但最終成本翻了一番多。該項(xiàng)目還比原計(jì)劃推遲了七年。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
"We had some challenges, it was an arduous journey, things that we didn't anticipate," said Chris Womack, CEO of Southern Company. "From the tsunami in Fukushima to the contractor going bankrupt to Covid. There were a number of things that occurred.
我們遇到了一些挑戰(zhàn)，這是一段艱難的旅程，有很多我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的事情，”南方公司首席執(zhí)行官克里斯·沃馬克表示?！皬母u的海嘯到承包商破產(chǎn)再到新冠疫情，發(fā)生了很多事情。”
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我們遇到了一些挑戰(zhàn)，這是一段艱難的旅程，有很多我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的事情，”南方公司首席執(zhí)行官克里斯·沃馬克表示?！皬母u的海嘯到承包商破產(chǎn)再到新冠疫情，發(fā)生了很多事情。”
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
The U.S. has 54 operating nuclear power plants and 94 reactors, making it the world's largest producer of nuclear power -- accounting for 30% of global nuclear electricity, according to the World Nuclear Association.
根據(jù)世界核協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)擁有54座正在運(yùn)營(yíng)的核電站和94臺(tái)反應(yīng)堆，是全球最大的核能生產(chǎn)國(guó)，占全球核能發(fā)電量的30%。
根據(jù)世界核協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)擁有54座正在運(yùn)營(yíng)的核電站和94臺(tái)反應(yīng)堆，是全球最大的核能生產(chǎn)國(guó)，占全球核能發(fā)電量的30%。
But reactors in the U.S. are 42 years old on average, and they're getting older. Replacing them is a complex task.
但美國(guó)的反應(yīng)堆平均年齡為42歲，而且還在逐漸老化。替換它們是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。
但美國(guó)的反應(yīng)堆平均年齡為42歲，而且還在逐漸老化。替換它們是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。
So why is it so hard to build nuclear reactors in the U.S. and should the new Vogtle reactors be a blueprint or a cautionary tale for the future?
那么，為什么在美國(guó)建造核反應(yīng)堆如此困難？新建的沃格特爾反應(yīng)堆應(yīng)該是未來(lái)的藍(lán)圖還是警世故事？
那么，為什么在美國(guó)建造核反應(yīng)堆如此困難？新建的沃格特爾反應(yīng)堆應(yīng)該是未來(lái)的藍(lán)圖還是警世故事？
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Its not building nuclear power plants thats the difficulty, its building large infrastructure and construction projects in general.
困難不在于建造核電站，而在于建造大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和一般建設(shè)項(xiàng)目。
We also need to include fuel-rod recycling like France. To reduce nuclear waste.
我們還需要像法國(guó)一樣將燃料棒回收利用納入其中。減少核廢料。
That anti-nuclear lawyer pretending to care about people's pockets was pretty amusing.
那個(gè)假裝關(guān)心人們口袋的反核律師還真是搞笑。
I think the US is really shy about big infrastructure spending. Too much focus on instantaneous profitability. It's all about the share price and how corporations can fund ceo salaries.
我認(rèn)為，美國(guó)在大筆基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出方面真的很羞澀。太注重即時(shí)盈利能力了。這一切都與股價(jià)以及公司如何為首席執(zhí)行官的薪水提供資金有關(guān)。
I think peoples fear, uneducation, backwards thinking, and politics will never let nuclear power plants to come back
我認(rèn)為，人們的恐懼、缺乏教育、落后的思維方式以及政治因素將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讓核電站回來(lái)。
-------------譯者：硫子西--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
This should actually speed up the rate at which they can deploy nuclear reactors because you now have a construction contractor that has experience doing it if anything this should be a reason to go full speed ahead on nuclear
這實(shí)際上會(huì)加快核反應(yīng)堆的部署速度，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的建筑承包商，如果有的話，這應(yīng)該是全力推進(jìn)核能發(fā)展的理由。
Hallelujah !!!!! The daily jesus devotional has been a huge part of my transformation, God is good . I was owing a loan of $49,000 to the bank for my son's brain surgery, Now I'm no longer in debt after I invested $11,000 and got my payout of $290,500 every month…God bless Mrs Susan Jane Christy ?
哈利路亞 !!!!! 每日耶穌靈修是我轉(zhuǎn)變的重要部分，上帝是美好的。我曾因兒子的腦部手術(shù)欠下銀行 49,000 美元的貸款，現(xiàn)在我投資了 11,000 美元，每月獲得 290,500 美元的報(bào)酬，再也沒(méi)有欠債了......上帝保佑Mrs Susan Jane Christy 夫人？
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that attorney lady sucks. shes literally on camera because shes suing the power plant. Shes is the problem.
那個(gè)女律師太差勁了，她上鏡頭是因?yàn)樗鹪V發(fā)電廠。她才是問(wèn)題所在。
NIMBY doesn't exist in China or Russia. It is no different for high speed rail projects or nuclear power plants.
中國(guó)或俄羅斯不存在 “NIMBY”（"Not In My Back Yard"的縮寫(xiě)，中文意思是“鄰避癥候群”或“不得在我后院”，即個(gè)人或社區(qū)反對(duì)在自己居住的附近建立某些設(shè)施）。高鐵項(xiàng)目或核電站也是如此。
Finally… about time!!! Nuclear is the only way to go for efficiency.
終于......是時(shí)候了?。。?！ 核能是提高效率的唯一途徑。
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
Energy needs will only continue to rise over time. Renewables are pulling some weight, but if we want to meet these needs while rotating out of fossil fuels - the only answer is Nuclear.
能源需求將會(huì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。可再生能源已經(jīng)在承擔(dān)一部分。如果我們想要減少化石燃料使用的同時(shí)又滿(mǎn)足這些需求——唯一的答案就是核能。
It is hard everywhere: the buildings are expensive, and the raw materials for the fuel rods get more and more expensive.
到處都是難題：核電站的建設(shè)成本高昂，而用于制造燃料棒的原材料也越來(lái)越貴。
Fear has dominated our thoughts about nuclear power for far too long. It's our only path to safe, clean, abundant, on demand power. I grew up next to a Nuclear power station, my family and friends all have worked there and all of them are still alive today. My father is 87, retired from being an engineer at the plant. We need to let our unreasonable fears go and embrace the future.
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，對(duì)核能的恐懼一直主導(dǎo)著我們的思維。它是通往安全、清潔、豐富且隨需應(yīng)變的電力的唯一道路。我是在一個(gè)核電站附近長(zhǎng)大的，我的家人和朋友都在那里工作，他們今天都還活著。我的父親87歲了，曾是那里的工程師，現(xiàn)已退休。我們需要放下這些不合理的恐懼，擁抱未來(lái)。
I'm sure big oil doesn't have anything to do with the challenges
我相信大型石油公司與這些挑戰(zhàn)無(wú)關(guān)。（諷刺：出于自身利益考慮，而反對(duì)或阻礙核能及其他替代能源的發(fā)展。）
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
I really wish nuclear power was used more than it currently is. It’s the safest, most reliable and efficient way of generating low carbon electricity. It’s expensive to build initially but the lifetime costs are low and can produce electricity 24/7 rather than intermittent sources like wind and solar. At one point in the 60s, there were projected to be over 1000 plants in the US but most were canceled due to public backlash and financial difficulties. If there was more support from the public and the government then I believe there could be a comeback for nuclear power in the future
我是真的很希望核能的使用能夠比現(xiàn)在更加廣泛。它是最安全、最可靠且高效的低碳電力生產(chǎn)方式。雖然在初期建設(shè)成本較高，但其全生命周期的成本較低，而且可以全天供電，不像風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能那樣間歇性供電。上世紀(jì)60年代，美國(guó)曾計(jì)劃建設(shè)超過(guò)1000座核電站，但由于公眾的反對(duì)和財(cái)政困難，大多數(shù)項(xiàng)目都被取消了。如果未來(lái)能獲得更多來(lái)自公眾和政府的支持，我相信核能將會(huì)迎來(lái)復(fù)興。
Its hardbto get anything done in the US
在美國(guó)要做成任何事情都很不容易。
This video did not adequately explain why it has become difficult to build Nuclear Reactors in the USA. These factors are not all technical, safety, waste disposal related, or economic, but are regulatory and political. We need a more in-depth multi-part analysis and expose' of the issues underlying these difficulties.
這段視頻未能充分解釋為什么在美國(guó)建造核反應(yīng)堆變得如此困難。這些因素不僅僅是技術(shù)、安全、廢物處理或經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的，還包括監(jiān)管和政治因素。我們需要一個(gè)更深入的多維度分析，揭示這些困難背后的問(wèn)題。
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
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If regulations change while building, there is no way to make progress. There has to be a fixed design and execution to the plan without interruptions with changes in the plan.
如果在建設(shè)過(guò)程中法規(guī)發(fā)生變化，就無(wú)法順利推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目。必須有一個(gè)固定的設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，不受計(jì)劃變更的干擾。
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I am glad they mention that after they prods 4th unit… they passed Palo Verde. We do talk enough about how huge those units are and why we don’t build new units that big anymore
我很高興他們?cè)谔岬降?個(gè)機(jī)組之后提到了他們超過(guò)了帕洛弗迪。我們確實(shí)應(yīng)該更多地討論這些機(jī)組的規(guī)模，以及為什么我們不再建造那么大的新機(jī)組了。
The US is still scarred by the Three Mile Island. New technology (modular reactors) needs new thinking
美國(guó)仍然受到三里島事故的陰影影響。新技術(shù)（模塊化反應(yīng)堆）需要新的思維方式。
It’s very impressive to see that power plant built and operating. But the price went up by over more than double. 14 billion + 17 billion = 31 billion.
看到這座發(fā)電廠建成并投入運(yùn)營(yíng)確實(shí)令人印象深刻。但是，成本增加了超過(guò)一倍多。140億美元 + 170億美元 = 310億美元。
Environmental Lawyer talking about unexpected costs not taking into account they are the reason for the unexpected costs.
I didn't know the US was the #1 producer of Nuclear Energy. I just assumed it was France or Russia.
環(huán)保律師在談?wù)撘馔獬杀緯r(shí)，卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們正是這些意外成本的原因。
我不知道美國(guó)是世界上最大的核能生產(chǎn)國(guó)。我一直以為是法國(guó)或俄羅斯。
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
3:20
spin the "turban"? LOL
旋轉(zhuǎn)“頭巾”？（可能是在諷刺環(huán)保律師）
The US can't construct large infrastructure projects efficiently and within budget period....
美國(guó)無(wú)法高效且在預(yù)算內(nèi)完成大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目。
What she did not mention is Georgia plants went $17 billion over budget, and customer rates have increased by at least 50%. Those dollar amounts mentioned were for just one year. They have been increasing rates every year to pay for this since construction began.
她沒(méi)有提到的是，佐治亞州的電廠超支了170億美元，客戶(hù)的電費(fèi)至少上漲了50%。這些提到的金額僅是某一年的。自開(kāi)工建設(shè)以來(lái)，他們每年都上調(diào)電價(jià)以支付這筆費(fèi)用。
The time to build and cost are not a problem of nuclear. It's an American problem caused by bad regulations and designs not being stardardized. Every nuclear power plant in the US has essentially been a science project, different each time increasing cost and complexity and time to build. Japan, South Korea, Russia, China and France did not have these these levels of cost overruns and delays.
建設(shè)成本問(wèn)題并不是核能本身的問(wèn)題，而是美國(guó)特有的問(wèn)題，由不良的法規(guī)和設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化不足所導(dǎo)致。美國(guó)的每個(gè)核電廠幾乎都是一個(gè)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，每次都不相同，這增加了成本、復(fù)雜性和建設(shè)時(shí)間。日本、韓國(guó)、俄羅斯、中國(guó)和法國(guó)都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)這種程度的成本超支和延誤。
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5:35
Southern Environmental Law Center: does everything it can't to stop nuclear construction, and sues nuclear at ever step
Also Southern Environmental Law Center: "Why is nuclear energy so expensive to build?"
南方環(huán)境法律中心：竭盡全力阻止核能建設(shè)，并在每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)起訴核能項(xiàng)目。
南方環(huán)境法律中心還問(wèn)：“為什么核能建設(shè)如此昂貴？”
-------------譯者：polkm1990--- 審核者：龍騰翻譯總管------------
They should build more modular reactors.
他們應(yīng)該建造更多的模塊化反應(yīng)堆。
In Germany it is even harder
在德國(guó)，情況甚至更加困難。
Going forward molten salt cooling should be the standard.
以后，熔鹽冷卻應(yīng)該成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Nuclear is the future
核能是未來(lái)。
I find it funny they needed redesign and fixes. Sounds like it needed even more up front planning.
As to costs. It’s getting silly enough that you can only expect the government to pay for it all.
It’s funny as hell the US navy doesn’t seem to have issues building and operating nuclear power plants… should just have all future plants be operated by the navy.
我覺(jué)得他們需要重新設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化。聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是前期規(guī)劃做得還不夠充分。至于成本問(wèn)題，已經(jīng)到了只能指望政府來(lái)全額支付的地步了。真搞不懂為什么美國(guó)海軍在建造和運(yùn)營(yíng)核動(dòng)力發(fā)電站方面似乎沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題……未來(lái)的核電站干脆都由海軍來(lái)運(yùn)營(yíng)好了。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處
If I have $2 billion ,I would build a team of investors and start the project of it .
The demand of Ai and chat gpt is high in the world but they both need power plants .
如果我有20億美元，我會(huì)組建一個(gè)投資者團(tuán)隊(duì)并啟動(dòng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。目前全球?qū)I和ChatGPT的需求很高，但它們都需要電力供應(yīng)。