泰國中產(chǎn)階級為何負債累累？ | 亞洲中產(chǎn)階級的變化 | 洞察
How Did Thailand's Middle Class Get So Deep In Debt? | Asia's Changing Middle Class | Insight
譯文簡介
曾被標榜為亞洲快速增長引擎的中產(chǎn)階級，如今正面臨發(fā)展困境。在泰國，家庭債務正擠壓著中產(chǎn)階級的生存空間。泰國家庭債務占GDP的比重在2021年達到了95%的峰值，目前仍維持在90%左右的高位，位居亞洲前列。約七成借款人償還能力有限，違約率持續(xù)高企。
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泰國中產(chǎn)階級為何負債累累？ | 亞洲中產(chǎn)階級的變化 | 洞察
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Once touted as the engine of Asia's rapid growth, Asia's middle class is now facing growing pains. In Thailand, household debt is squeezing the middle class. The household-debt-to-GDP ratio peaked above 95% in 2021. It currently hovers around 90%, still among Asia's highest.
About 7 in 10 borrowers have limited ability to service their loans, as delinquency rates remain high. With Thailand's GDP growth already lagging its Southeast Asian counterparts, the central bank worries that the debt crisis will continue to drag on the economy. How did middle class Thais become so indebted? And will the recent government measures to ease the debt burden prove effective?
曾被標榜為亞洲快速增長引擎的中產(chǎn)階級，如今正面臨發(fā)展困境。在泰國，家庭債務正擠壓著中產(chǎn)階級的生存空間。泰國家庭債務占GDP的比重在2021年達到了95%的峰值，目前仍維持在90%左右的高位，位居亞洲前列。約七成借款人償還能力有限，違約率持續(xù)高企。在泰國的GDP增速已經(jīng)落后于東南亞鄰國的情況下，央行擔憂債務危機會持續(xù)拖累經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。泰國的中產(chǎn)階級是如何陷入如此深重的債務危機的？政府近期推出的減輕債務負擔措施能否奏效？
My parents once told me "if you cant afford it dont buy". People now buys so many WANTS, then later on cry that they are poor. Social media is a big influence on this habit
我的父母曾教導我"買不起就別買"。如今人們總是購買各種想要的非必需品，之后又哭窮。社交媒體對這種消費習慣影響很大。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
It's baffling to see people spending money on 20 pieces of clothes a month and then complaining that their monthly salary isn't enough for living.
Not enough salary to buy groceries is different from not enough salary to feed your consumerism.
看到有人每月買20件衣服還抱怨工資不夠生活，實在令人費解。工資不夠買日用品和工資不夠滿足消費欲望是兩回事。
as a foreigner with a Thai family of my partner i see my brother in law showing his new Iphone and restaurant eating habits off on Facebook weekly ...drinking heavily and always seen to be doing well on social media...in reality he lives with his brother and sleeps on the floor because hes in debt to multiple loan sharks... earns less than he owes and is constantly begging for money....but will he slow down his lifestyle? no because that wont look good to his friends or social media ...it saddens me to see how his generation live. i was always taught if you dont have it dont spend it .
作為一位有泰國伴侶的外國人，我親眼目睹妻弟每周在臉書上炫耀新的iPhone和高檔餐廳消費...在社交媒體上他總是光鮮亮麗，而實際上他因欠多家高利貸的錢，只能睡在哥哥家的地板上...他的收入還不夠償還債務，卻不斷借錢...但他會放慢這種生活方式嗎？不會，因為這在朋友和社交媒體上不好看...看到他們這代人的生活方式讓我很痛心，因為我一直被教導"沒有錢就不要花"。
One of the things that always baffled me in Chiang Mai was the number of brand new relatively expensive, sometimes very expensive, cars and trucks on the roads. There's so much emphasis on show-off spending, a vehicle has to be brand new and flashy, have all the fancy features etc. This results in situations where an office worker with a 45,000, buys a brand new crossover with a 1.5m THB price tag, or a similarly overpriced giant 4x4 truck he can't even park anywhere. It's not for the lack of options, there are plenty lightly used second-hand cars that make a lot more sense... Anyway, recently I started seeing more and more "free car" ads, from people who bought or leased them stupidly, found they can't go on paying 10,0000-20,000 THB of monthly payments, and are looking for someone to take over the contract.
在清邁最讓我困惑的是路上有那么多嶄新的、相對昂貴甚至非常昂貴的汽車和卡車。炫耀性的消費如此盛行，汽車必須是嶄新的、炫酷的，配備所有花哨的功能...這導致月薪45000泰銖的上班族購買150萬泰銖的全新跨界車，或是同樣價格虛高、連停車位都找不到的大型四驅(qū)皮卡。這不是因為缺乏選擇，明明有很多更實惠的二手車可選...最近我看到越來越多"免費送車"的廣告，都是那些沖動購車或租車后發(fā)現(xiàn)無力繼續(xù)支付每月1-2萬泰銖分期付款的人，想要找人接手合同。
No middle-class Thais can afford sending kids to an international school. The guy from National Credit Bureau couldn't be more wrong about the definition of middle class.
沒有泰國中產(chǎn)階級能負擔得起送孩子上國際學校，國家信用局的那位對中產(chǎn)階級的定義大錯特錯。
I live and work in Thailand (I own two companies) and I can say that a large part of Thais lives beyond their means. Consumerism, social media addiction and the fear of "loosing face" contribute to this unhealthy cycle of debit especially among the younger generations
我在泰國生活工作(擁有兩家公司)，我可以說大部分泰國人過著入不敷出的生活。消費主義、社交媒體成癮和"丟面子"的恐懼，特別是年輕一代，助長了這種不健康的負債循環(huán)。
Numerous Thais who make less than 20000 baht/month have the latest iphone.
You take responsibility of how you spend your money.
很多月收入不足2萬泰銖的泰國人用著最新款的iPhone。
你要為自己的消費方式負責。
I am so thankful to my Cambodian mom. She always taught me at the very young age the golden rule "don't live your life and spend money beyond your means", another words, don't spend money that you don't have. She taught me to work hard and save as much as I possibly can. Thanks to her, I have never been in debt all my life and be able to save enough for my future retirement. She taught me that it's ok to have less in life ,but it's not ok to have more with debt.
我非常感激我的柬埔寨母親，她從小就教導我"量入為出"的黃金法則，換句話說，不要花你沒有的錢。她教導我努力工作，盡可能多地儲蓄。多虧了她，我一生從未負債，還能為退休儲蓄足夠的錢。她教導我生活中少一點沒關系，但靠負債來裝闊絕不可取。
Most Thai are Buddhists. However, it is contradictory to Buddhists' values, as they crave materistic conditions, maintaining social status is paramount to most middle class Thais as losing face would not be a,consideration
This leads to the current high debt levels, basically living g beyond there means
They lack the discipline and financial accum to address this as the wants desires cravings contuine
This is my observation as a foreigner living here in the kingdom
大多數(shù)泰國人信奉佛教，但這與佛教價值觀相矛盾，因為他們渴望物質(zhì)條件。對大多數(shù)泰國中產(chǎn)來說維持社會地位至關重要，絕不能丟面子。
這導致了目前的高負債水平，他們基本上是入不敷出。
他們?nèi)狈鉀Q這個問題的紀律和財務智慧，因為欲望和渴求仍在繼續(xù)。
這是我作為在泰國生活的外國人的觀察。
One Simple Aspect - Thailand is counting far too much on tourism which produces low paying jobs while feeding into the wealthy business owners, landlords and developers. Meanwhile they are ruining Thai culture and lifestyle through overcrowding and over development. In places like Phuket, traffic is crazy and the infrastructure can't support the rapid development. Thailand should focus more on attracting light industry and tech development and prioritizing better education.
一個簡單的原因 - 泰國過度依賴旅游業(yè)，這只能創(chuàng)造低收入的工作，同時養(yǎng)肥了富有的企業(yè)主、房東和開發(fā)商。同時，過度擁擠和過度開發(fā)正在破壞泰國的文化和生活方式。在普吉島等地，交通混亂，基礎設施無法支撐快速發(fā)展。泰國應該更注重吸引輕工業(yè)和技術發(fā)展，優(yōu)先發(fā)展更好的教育。
You left out the part where the younger generation's choice for an elected government was dismissed—twice. That kind of betrayal doesn't just disappear; it fuels apathy, making people more reluctant to invest in their own future.
你們漏掉了年輕一代兩次民選政府被推翻的部分，這種背叛不會消失，它助長了冷漠，讓人們更不愿意為自己的未來投資。
Here in the US, there's a old saying, "Keeping up with the Joneses." - Living beyond your means just for status. This problem isn't only in the middle class, it's also a big problem in the upper class. Back in the 90's, a guy once told me about a book he read, "The millionaire next door." He said that 80% of the wealthy people (Doctors, Lawyers, Business Owners, etc.) that live in upscale neighborhoods, live paycheck to paycheck and live beyond their means, just to have status or look like they have status.
在美國有句老話，"跟鄰居攀比" - 為了面子而過著入不敷出的生活。這個問題不僅存在于中產(chǎn)階級，上層階級也很嚴重。上世紀90年代有人告訴我他讀過《鄰家的百萬富翁》這本書，他說80%住在高檔社區(qū)的富人(醫(yī)生、律師、企業(yè)主等)都是月光族，過著入不敷出的生活，就為了面子或看起來有面子。
People has forgotten that interest has been too low before covid. It thought to be the norm to have interest rate closer to zero. However the real thing is that around 3% should have been a proper and healthier interest rate.
人們忘記了疫情前利率太低，接近零利率被認為很正常，但實際上3%左右才是更合理健康的利率。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
I am a Thai woman, and I am frugal with my savings. I don't spend much, so people often see me as poor. No one wants to associate with someone who is poor, but many people ask to borrow money from me. Those people have social circles and many friends, and they appear to be much better off than I am.
我是一個節(jié)儉的泰國女性，平時不怎么花錢，所以人們常常認為我很窮。沒人愿意和窮人交往，但很多人找我借錢。那些人社交圈廣朋友多，看起來比我富裕得多。
As a foreigner whose been in Thailand for 15 years, married to a Thai for over 10 of it and having Thai family, it appears from my POV many under 50 live way beyond their means. They have to have the biggest TV, a new car and house (no way to secondhand for them), the designer clothes, perfumes , etc. Loans and credit cards are easy to get and being what seems impulse buyers, it does not take long for the credit cards and loans to be maxed out. Finally, many are compulsive gamblers, both underground gambling and the national lottery.
作為在泰國生活了15年、與泰國人結(jié)婚10多年的外國人，在我看來許多50歲以下的泰國人過著嚴重的入不敷出的生活。他們必須擁有最大的電視、新車新房(絕不考慮二手貨)、名牌服裝香水等。貸款和信用卡很容易獲得，加上他們似乎是沖動型消費者，信用卡和貸款很快就會被刷爆。最后，很多人還是強迫性賭徒，他們既參與地下賭博也買國家彩票。
I'm a Thai person living overseas. Cultural aspects also play a huge part in how many Thais are in debt. I'll be honest, Thai people work really hard but the keeping face and keeping appearances and keeping up with the Joneses drive people to live beyond their means.
我是旅居海外的泰國人，文化因素也是許多泰國人負債的重要原因。說實話，泰國人工作很努力，但愛面子、講排場和互相攀比的心理驅(qū)使人們過著入不敷出的生活。
I know a 'Thai 40 year old with unpaid student(!) and car loans, yet with always the newest Iphone and apple watch. Also many trips to the pawnshop.
The example should come from the top but see how the top behaves over there.
我認識一個40歲的泰國人，他還有未還的學生貸款和車貸，卻總是用著最新款的iPhone和Apple Watch，他還經(jīng)常去當鋪。
上行下效，但看看那些上層人士的行為就知道了。
Stayed in Thailand for 3 years back in 2015, take a walk in shopping malls you will understand why they are in debts. many stores are offering installment payments for shopping, eg 3000thb/12 month repayment...
I've see people taking loans to buy house furniture, buying brand new iPhones, travel overseas...
Even my wife (thai) said a lot of thais were taking personal loans to spend on ridiculous things/experience to stay "relevant".
To me if you need to pay by installments or take loans to travel/shop, I suggest you stay home.
2015年我曾在泰國生活過3年，去商場逛逛你就會明白他們?yōu)槭裁簇搨?。很多商店提供分期付款購物，比?000泰銖分12期還款...
我見過人們貸款買家俱、買最新款的iPhone、出國旅游...
我的泰國妻子也說很多泰國人為了保持"存在感"而貸款購買各種荒唐的東西或體驗。
在我看來，如果需要分期付款或貸款去旅游購物，那你最好呆在家里。
The problem of Thailand is economic monopoly. The distribution of wealth to the regions is not enough. Most of the budget is concentrated in the capital. The transportation system does not cover the whole country. Electric trains are only available in the capital. Almost all public companies are located in the capital. The monopoly of concessions has caused people to have fewer jobs and less income.
泰國的問題是經(jīng)濟壟斷，財富在地區(qū)間的分配不均，大部分預算集中在首都，交通系統(tǒng)沒有覆蓋全國，電氣化火車只在首都運行，幾乎所有上市公司都位于首都，特許經(jīng)營權的壟斷導致人們工作機會減少、收入降低。
It's pure greed. They live in a middle income country but want a brand new car, holidays to Japan and Europe etc when they earn about $1000US per month. Meanwhile, they lack the education to financially plan beyond the end of their nose.
這就是純粹的貪婪。他們生活在一個中等收入國家，月收入只有1000美元左右，卻想要嶄新的汽車、去日本和歐洲度假。同時，他們?nèi)狈﹂L遠的財務規(guī)劃教育。
In Vietnam, we have two concepts: dead money and dead gold. Because Vietnam is located in a sensitive geographical location, it often has to endure natural disasters and floods, so people live very frugally. This habit is passed down from generation to generation. Dead money means the money that Vietnamese people deposit in banks but just stays there because peopple do not use it to invest to make a profit. According to statistics from the State Bank of Vietnam, as of September 2024, the amount of money that Vietnamese people deposit in banks is nearly 700 billion dollars. Dead gold means that people buy gold to store in their homes year after year but do not use it and only keep it in safes. According to the State Bank of Vietnam, this amount of gold is about 500 tons of gold, while the World Bank predicts that it is nearly 1,000 tons of gold.
The Vietnamese government regularly meets to propose measures to stimulate people to invest in business by taking advantage of this money and gold. But the habit of saving has been ingrained in the blood of Vietnamese people from generation to generation, so it cannot be changed. According to statistics from the State Bank of Vietnam, every day people across the country save about 350 million dollars in banks. As of September 2024, the amount of money in banks is nearly 700 billion dollars and this number continues to increase rapidly. It is expected that in about 10 years it will exceed 1,000 billion dollars. I am very afraid that another Truong My Lan - the one who embezzled nearly 40 billion dollars will appear.
In Vietnam, no one uses cash to buy a house, a car or travel. I remember I bought a $35 dress for my mother and she said it was expensive and told me to buy it in my hometown next time because it is cheaper.When Typhoon Yagi hit Vietnam, my parents told me that this year there were many natural disasters, so I should live frugally and not spend lavishly, and save some money to support those affected by the storm and flood. My parents taught me the habit of saving and spending wisely. I am always grateful to them.
在越南，我們有兩個概念：死錢和死黃金。由于越南地處敏感的地理位置，經(jīng)常遭受自然災害和洪水，所以人們的生活非常節(jié)儉，這個習慣代代相傳。死錢指的是越南人存入銀行但不用于投資獲利的錢。根據(jù)越南國家銀行的統(tǒng)計，截至2024年9月，越南人存入銀行的金額接近7000億美元。死黃金指的是人們年復一年購買存放在家中保險箱里而不使用的黃金。據(jù)越南國家銀行統(tǒng)計，這部分黃金約500噸，而世界銀行預測接近1000噸。
越南政府會定期開會提議措施，希望利用這些錢和黃金刺激人們投資商業(yè)，但儲蓄習慣已深入越南人的血液，代代相傳，無法改變。根據(jù)越南國家銀行的統(tǒng)計，全國每天約有3.5億美元存入銀行。截至2024年9月，銀行存款金額接近7000億美元且持續(xù)快速增長。預計10年內(nèi)將超過1萬億美元。我非常擔心會出現(xiàn)另一個貪污近400億美元的張美蘭。
在越南，沒人用現(xiàn)金買房買車或旅游。我記得我給母親買了條35美元的裙子，她說太貴，讓我下次在家鄉(xiāng)買更便宜的。當臺風"野牛"襲擊越南時，我的父母告訴我今年自然災害多，應該節(jié)儉生活，不要揮霍，省下些錢幫助受災的群眾。父母教會了我節(jié)儉和理性消費的習慣，我永遠感激他們。
It's everywhere not specifically in Thailand.
Top tiers got support from the government as an initiative to create jobs because the government is too lazy to manage citizens.
Poor people got support from the government because politicians wanted a vote to stay as a government.
The real economic burden is carried out by the middle class worker.
這種情況到處都有，不只在泰國。
上層階級得到了政府的支持創(chuàng)造就業(yè)，因為政府懶得管理公民。
窮人得到了政府的支持，因為政客需要選票繼續(xù)執(zhí)政。
真正的經(jīng)濟負擔落在了中產(chǎn)階級的身上。
Around 65% of debt wouldn't have ever existed if the middle class used common sense instead of taking the easy way out with taking debt.
如果中產(chǎn)階級運用常識而不是圖省事去借貸，大約65%的債務根本不會存在。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
If i were the son the smartest thing to do is to follow moms footstep in real estate, clear debts till positive cashflow then start pursuing music career. He 30k USD income if debt free is more the enough to live in luxury in thailand. The mothers Ford Ranger is considered luxury range for south east asia so i feel its more of money management.
如果我是那個兒子，最明智的做法是跟隨母親的腳步進入房地產(chǎn)，還清債務直到現(xiàn)金流為正，再開始追求音樂事業(yè)。如果沒有債務，他3萬美元的收入在泰國足以過上奢侈的生活。他母親的福特Ranger在東南亞已算豪華車了，所以我覺得問題更多出在理財方式上。
As a Thai , the recent surge in debt comes from 3 factors
Covid 19
Thai reckless spending (cars , houses , credit card)
The incompetency of the past goverment and the current. next to zero actions were taken to ease the household debt problem and sometimes even encourage more uncessesary spending
作為泰國人，近期債務激增源于三個因素：
新冠疫情
泰國人揮霍無度(汽車、房子、信用卡)
過去和現(xiàn)任政府的不作為。他們幾乎沒采取任何措施緩解家庭債務問題，有時甚至鼓勵更多不必要的消費。
Bangkok and Thailand is becoming so expensive but the people's income are still same... as prices increase due to tourism and its imported inflation, how can the Thais not be in debt ...one of the disadvantage of tourism is it brings imports inflation ..artificial inflation - not derived from market demand but a perception of demand - there is no secondary market for BKK properties but yet its priced like Singapore.. a bubble that will blown one day
曼谷和泰國變得越來越貴，但人民的收入依舊...由于旅游業(yè)帶來的進口通脹導致物價上漲，泰國人怎能不負債...旅游業(yè)的弊端之一就是帶來進口通脹...人為的通脹 - 不是源于市場需求而是需求假象 - 曼谷的房產(chǎn)根本沒有二級市場，價格卻像新加坡一樣...這是一個總有一天會破滅的泡沫。
If you've been to Thailand, it is easy to understand why they are so in debt. Thailand is a developing country that acts like a developed country. They have excellent infrastructure, medical services, and there are malls and leisure activities all over the place. So many cars on the roads, so many malls, so many restaurants, and so many people wearing brand name clothes it is no wonder. Compared to America, most Thais I have encountered in Bangkok have nicer clothes and eat better and out more than most Americans. And it seems like everyone has the nicest sneakers and phones, yet the import tariffs on them make them sometimes 50% in Thailand than America. And cars can be 200% more than America if it's imported. Lastly, the Thai government did nothing to help their citizens during Covid. It was a sad sight to see.
如果你去過泰國，你就很容易理解他們?yōu)楹呜搨劾?。泰國是個表現(xiàn)像發(fā)達國家的發(fā)展中國家，他們有優(yōu)秀的基礎設施、醫(yī)療服務，到處是商場和休閑場所。路上那么多車，那么多商場，那么多餐廳，那么多人穿名牌衣服，難怪會這樣。相比美國，我在曼谷遇到的大多數(shù)泰國人穿著比大多數(shù)美國人更好，吃得更好，外出就餐更多。似乎每個人都有最好的運動鞋和手機，而進口關稅使它們在泰國的價格有時比美國高50%。如果是進口車，價格可能是美國的200%。最后，泰國政府在疫情期間沒有幫助公民。這景象令人難過。
Whats amazing is people never .. never learn from theirs or others' mistake .. when they have money they will spend more and more .. thinking that they will constantly make the same or more amount of money .. zero crisis awareness.
令人驚訝的是人們從不...從不從自己或他人的錯誤中吸取教訓...有錢時他們會花得越來越多...以為總能賺到同樣或更多的錢...完全沒有危機意識。
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The Philippines should learn from this dilemma. There's a growing middle class in PH and hopefully will not succumb to debt. I think PH had lower household febt due to accessibility so I hope it remains checked and not exxperience some household spending spree with the money you still don't have. That's where the trouble starts.
菲律賓應該從這個困境中吸取教訓。菲律賓的中產(chǎn)階級正在壯大，希望他們不會陷入債務危機。我認為菲律賓由于獲取渠道有限，家庭債務較低，我希望保持這種狀態(tài)，不要出現(xiàn)用還沒到手的錢瘋狂消費的情況，因為麻煩就是從那里開始的。
simply put, a debt trap is a death trap ! The irony though, what could have intially been a way out of problems, could end up becoming your own noose ! In Thailand this is a way too familiar paradigm, unfortunatel! I always wondered how could young guys afford expensive heavy bikes and 4×4 trucks
簡單來說，債務陷阱就是死亡陷阱！諷刺的是最初可能是解決問題的方法，最終卻可能成為勒死自己的絞索！在泰國，這種模式太常見了，真不幸！我一直想知道年輕人怎么能買得起昂貴的重型摩托車和四驅(qū)卡車。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.top-shui.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Thanks to the encouragement and enticing new lifestyles portrayed on social media platforms. More and more youngsters and those in the middle class are overspending. They're spending lavishly on luxury items to keep up with pier pressure and expectations. That's the root cause of most debts these days!
多虧了社交媒體平臺描繪的鼓勵和誘人的新生活方式，越來越多的年輕人和中產(chǎn)階級過度消費。他們?yōu)榱烁贤g人壓力和期望而大肆購買奢侈品，這就是當今大多數(shù)債務的根源！
I'm reluctant to admit this, but Chinese are smarter with the money in general. Chinese work hard and grinding until they have a succesfull business. Most of them won't run to nearest BMW show room as soon as they have signed a good contract to show off. Thais when they get their investments loans approved, first thing they doing is running to Mercedes to buy a new car because it will in their eyes create respect from their workers and friends. One example I've seen is in a Chinese family in Thailand, the elders are responsible for doing gold stockmarked, sitting hours outside the Gold shops to trade gold. This dynamics you won't find in other countries.
我不太愿意承認這點，但總體上華人更會理財。華人會努力工作，直到事業(yè)成功。他們大多數(shù)人不會剛簽了個好合同就跑去最近的寶馬展廳炫耀。泰國人一拿到投資貸款，第一件事就是跑去買奔馳的新車，因為這在他們眼中能贏得員工和朋友的尊重。我見過的一個例子是在泰國的華人家庭，長輩負責黃金交易，他們會在金店外坐幾個小時交易黃金。這種情況你在其他國家找不到。
I live in the Philippines and I only have car loan. When we decided to buy a car, we rationalized how it will help us, we calculated the monthly amortization and made sure we can still save some for emergency purposes every month. I don't buy branded shoes and bags. I only buy local products. I think this debt issue all boils down to self discipline and financial literacy. People should realized that it should be needs over wants most of the time.
我生活在菲律賓，我只有車貸。我們決定買車時理性地分析了它將如何幫助我們，計算了每月的分期付款，確保每月還能存些應急錢。我不買名牌鞋包，只買本地產(chǎn)品。我認為債務問題歸根結(jié)底是自律和理財知識，人們應該明白大多數(shù)時候需要應該優(yōu)先于想要。